Modernising the New Zealand Army Uniform: The “Dress for the 90s” Initiative

In 1985, the New Zealand Army embarked on the “Dress for the 90s” initiative, a comprehensive effort to modernise and streamline its uniform policy. This initiative aimed to address inefficiencies and inconsistencies in the Army’s clothing system, which had developed without a coherent long-term vision since the Second World War. Despite incremental updates, the Army’s uniform inventory had become a patchwork of outdated items, including 1940s-era garments, Jungle Greens introduced in 1958 (with minor updates in the 1960s), and the Disruptive Pattern Material (DPM) uniforms introduced in 1975 for temperate climates.

The Need for Modernisation

The impetus for change was underscored by an Army Clothing Survey conducted in 1984. The survey revealed widespread dissatisfaction among personnel with the variety, practicality, and utility of the uniforms. Common concerns included:

  • Overcomplexity: A wide array of uniform types resulted in inefficiency.
  • Operational Mismatches: Uniforms often lacked adaptability to diverse operational environments.
  • Aging Designs: Many garments were outdated and no longer met modern standards for durability, comfort, or appearance.

Feedback from soldiers highlighted a need to rationalise the uniform range, focusing on designs that were practical, complementary, and suited to operational requirements.

The “Dress for the 90s” Proposals

Drawing on the feedback from personnel and ongoing clothing projects, the “Dress for the 90s” paper outlined a roadmap for modernising New Zealand Army uniforms. The proposals prioritised functionality, financial efficiency, and alignment with the Army’s evolving operational needs. Key recommendations included:

Combat Clothing

Combat clothing was a central focus, with the aim of creating a cohesive and functional wardrobe for field use. Recommendations included:

  • DPM Wet Weather Gore-Tex Jackets and Over-Trousers: Designed to improve protection in temperate and wet climates.
Combat Dress – Wet Weather
    Combat Dress – Wet Weather

    • DPM “Sandri” Smock: Proposed as a replacement for the existing DPM smock, enhancing functionality and comfort.
    Combat Dress – Cold Weather
    • DPM Combat Jersey: A modern replacement for the green training jersey.
    Combat Dress – Cool Weather
    • Lightweight Woollen Shirt: For use in temperate climates, offering improved comfort and adaptability.
    Combat Dress – Temperater
    • DPM Shirt and Trousers for Hot Climates: Tailored for wear in tropical and arid environments.
    Combat Dress – Hot Weather
    Combat Dress – Hot Weather

    Barrack Dress

    The proposals aimed to extend the existing concepts of service dress to improve practicality and aesthetic appeal:

    • Bomber-Style Jacket: Proposed as a walking-out dress, offering a contemporary and functional option.
    Barrack Dress – Walking Out
    • Summer Service Dress Updates: Replacement of the dark green summer “Dacron” uniforms with a short-sleeved version of the existing service dress shirt, compatible with the training jersey for cooler climates.
    Barrack Dress – Working Cool
    Barrack Dress – Working Warm

    Ceremonial and Mess Dress

    Minimal changes were proposed for ceremonial and mess dress, with the intention to preserve traditional designs while maintaining quality standards.

    Barrack Dress – Ceremonial

    Physical Training (PT) Dress

    Recognising the importance of physical training in Army culture, a redesign was suggested to modernise PT uniforms, enhancing both functionality and the Army’s professional image.

    Issuing Procedures and Accounting System

    The initiative also proposed significant changes to the clothing issuance and accounting system to improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness:

    1. Barrack, Service, and Mess Dress: These uniforms were to remain on a permanent issue system, supported by Uniform Upkeep Allowances (UUA).
    2. Combat Clothing: Issued on a long-term loan basis with a free exchange system to account for wear and operational needs. This approach aimed to eliminate the UUA for combat clothing, reducing administrative and financial overheads.
    3. Comprehensive Accounting System: The School of Army Administration was tasked with developing a robust system for tracking issued and loaned items, ensuring accountability and minimising losses.

    Cost Implications

    A detailed financial analysis of the initiative projected significant savings, both in terms of initial implementation and long-term operational costs. Key estimates included:

    • Total Savings: NZD 77,095 in 1985 (equivalent to NZD 189,800 in 2024).
    • Annual Savings: NZD 566,542 in 1985 (equivalent to NZD 1,394,000 in 2024).

    The cost savings were expected to accumulate progressively, as the changeover was designed to be self-funding.

    Supplementary Notes and Recommendations

    The paper also provided supplementary recommendations to enhance the uniform system further:

    • Creation of a combined overcoat/raincoat, modelled on the British Macintosh.
    • Addition of identifiable Army-issue PT gear, such as a sweatshirt or tracksuit top.

    The recommendations aimed to categorise Army uniforms into five clear types:

    1. Ceremonial Dress
    2. Barrack Dress
    3. Combat Dress
    4. Mess Dress
    5. PT Dress

    Implementation and Outcomes

    While the “Dress for the 90s” proposals were not immediately adopted in full, several key items were introduced incrementally over the following years:

    • DPM Wet Weather Jackets and Over-Trousers: Introduced in 1985, these were manufactured using “Entrant” fabric instead of Gore-Tex for cost efficiency. Designs were subsequently refined.
    • DPM Sandri Smock: Rolled out in 1985, this item received mixed feedback and was eventually replaced by an updated DPM smock in the mid-1990s.
    • Woollen Shirts: Issued in 1985 but faced divisive reception, leading to their withdrawal in favour of the DPM shirt in the early 1990s.
    • DPM Shirt: Trialled in 1985, this garment was gradually adopted and became standard by 1988.
    • DPM Combat Jersey: Introduced on a trial basis but not adopted for general use.
    • Barrack Dress: Significant updates were delayed until the mid-1990s, when the outdated Dacron uniforms were replaced by the Service Dress for All Ranks (SDAR).

    Conclusion

    The “Dress for the 90s” initiative represented a landmark effort to rationalise and modernise New Zealand Army uniforms. While the full scope of the proposals was not immediately implemented, the initiative established a clear direction for future updates. The incremental introduction of key items laid the groundwork for a more cohesive, functional, and cost-efficient uniform system, ensuring that the New Zealand Army’s clothing policy remained aligned with its operational and professional requirements.[1]


    Notes

    [1] “Conferences – Policy and General – NZ Army Dress Committee 1985-87,” Archives New Zealand No R17311898  (1984).


    The NZDF’s Evolution of Inventory Management from DSSR to SAP, 1984-1998

    SAP, an acronym for Systems, Applications, and Products in Data Processing, is a global leader in enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. Founded in 1972 in Germany, SAP SE has developed comprehensive ERP solutions that integrate various organisational functions into a unified system, including finance, logistics, human resources, and supply chain management. This integration enables real-time data access and streamlines workflows, enhancing operational efficiency and decision-making processes.[1]

    For the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF), implementing SAP through the Defence Supply Redevelopment Project (DSRP) and Project Fusion marked a shift toward a modern, data-driven approach with the potential to strengthen the NZDFs’ ability to meet the evolving demands of military logistics.

    Between 1984 and 1994, the Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps (RNZAOC) led the NZ Army effort as part of the significant NZDF initiative to reform supply and inventory management via the DSRP and Project Fusion. Building on earlier projects like the Defence Supply Systems Retail (DSSR) and Defence Supply System Development (DSSD) initiatives, the DSRP set a new standard and laid the foundation for ongoing modernisation, leading to SAP’s adoption as the Defence Inventory Management platform in 1998.

    Defence Supply Redevelopment Project (DSRP) – 1984

    The DSRP sought to transition from manual processes to computerised supply and inventory management. Initially, the focus was on upgrading NCR accounting machines to mainframe-connected terminals, digitising records with minimal functional enhancements. Although limitations persisted, this shift offered benefits like eliminating manual ledger cards, real-time record updates, and enhanced data availability. Notably, the coexistence of three Item Management Records across various levels (the Defence Codification Agency, retail, and depot) led to duplication, inefficiency, and repeated updates of NSNs (National Stock Numbers).

    The DSRP’s objectives were ambitious:

    1. Automating supply functions cost-effectively.
    2. Improving the management of high-value repairable items.
    3. Reducing inventory value while maintaining service levels.
    4. Centralising item management.
    5. Enabling multi-level data access.
    6. Supporting national asset management.
    7. Providing analytical and performance measurement tools.
    8. Relating inventory levels to demand rates.
    9. Enhancing warehousing efficiency.
    10. Standardising core functions with adaptable subsystems across services.
    11. Providing forecasting and cost assessment capabilities.

    Using the SPECTRUM project management system, the DSRP team conducted research and simulations based on NZ Defence Inventory statistics, testing supply and inventory management theories. Recognising the value of learning from allied practices, the team also conducted international reviews with UK, US, and Australian defence forces to avoid redundant explorations and ensure an informed approach.[2]

    Defence Inventory Structure and Challenges – 1985

    In 1985, the Defence Inventory comprised approximately 600,000 stock lines valued at NZ$155 million ($560,306,361 in 2024), making it one of the country’s largest inventories. Notably, 90% of depot-level items cost less than NZ$100 ($361.49 in 2024) and 69% less than NZ$10 ($36.15 in 2024), enabling prioritised management of high-cost items. The inventory’s Demand Rate analysis highlighted varying item turnover rates, with the majority (71%) categorised as “Too Slow.” Fast-moving, high-cost items required close stock control to prevent stockouts, optimising budget utilisation and customer service.[3]

    The mainframe batch-processing system of the time, linked to data capture machines at supply units, relied on manual data transfer via paper tape. The lag between transaction and data integration often rendered central records outdated, limiting operational efficiency.

    Implementation of DSSR

    Initially rolled out in 1984, the NZDF implemented DSSR as an intermediate solution. DSSR replaced manual ledger cards with electronic records and simplified stock management at retail units. RNZAF Base Auckland led this transition, with 1 Supply Company, RNZAOC in Ngāruawāhia, the first Army unit to transition.[4] By 1985, DSSR allowed units to conduct transactions, generate automated reports, and maintain up-to-date stock files, reducing dependency on higher Headquarters for stock information. The meticulous planning and testing of DSSR implementation instilled confidence in its effectiveness.

    Sergeant Gerry Rolfe and DSSR Terminal, FMG Annual Camp 1988. RNZAOC Collection

    Defence Supply System Development (DSSD)

    DSSD, the second phase of supply reform, addressed the limitations of NCR accounting machines. Initially established as an expansion of DSSR, DSSD aimed to develop a stable, online supply and replenishment system. Although interim in scope, DSSD laid the foundation for broader supply management enhancements. Developed through a structured project lifecycle, the system addressed fundamental data integrity and management issues within existing supply structures.

    DSSD introduced a three-tiered record structure to streamline data handling:

    1. Item Identification Record (IIR): Standardised item information across Defence.
    2. Item Management Record (IMR): Service-specific data, ensuring consistency.
    3. Item Account Record (IAR): Unit-level records linked to IIR and IMR, improving data accuracy and reducing redundancy.

    System Enhancements: Provisioning, Receipts, and Stocktaking

    DSSD incorporated key supply functions, enabling more accurate provisioning, automated stock level monitoring, and faster transaction processing. Notable improvements included:

    • Automated provisioning using a refined Provision Management Code (PMC) for faster processing and workload reduction.
    • Receipt processing through warehouse-located Visual Display Units (VDUs), enabling immediate stock updates and more efficient stocktaking.
    • Bin Management: Enhanced warehousing efficiency by managing stock by location and expiry, supporting FIFO (first-in, first-out) principles.[5]

    Consumer Unit Accounting – 1993

    In 1993, the NZ Army implemented Consumer Unit Accounting within its Quartermaster Stores, preparing for an eventual transition to Project Fusion. By trialling this system at 2nd Field Hospital, the NZ Army established a streamlined Q Store management model within DSSD, with full implementation planned for mid-1993.[6]

    Transition to SAP

    By 1996, with the dust barely settled on the DSSD and Consumer Unit Accounting implementations, the NZDF inventory and supply system continued to evolve significantly. The SAP finance module went live that year, followed by SAP Inventory Management in 1998 and SAP Plant Maintenance in 1999.

    SAP’s implementation was intended to be transformative by providing an integrated platform encompassing inventory, finance, and maintenance management. It promised enhanced transparency, accountability, and streamlined workflows across the NZDF. SAP’s ERP structure enabled a comprehensive view of the NZDF’s resources, potentially allowing for more efficient stock control, cost management, and operational readiness. However, SAP’s rollout in the NZDF was not seamless. The broader organisational restructuring—such as the merging of Army logistics corps and trades, commercialisation pressures, service-specific variances and the East Timor Deployment—created friction in the system’s adoption and efficacy. Initial teething issues with SAP exposed gaps between its ambitious capabilities and the practical realities of NZDF’s operational needs, including cultural resistance, institutional disobedience and adjustment issues across the NZDF.

    SAP marked a significant leap in data integration and accessibility but has also introduced complexities that did not exist in the manual and earlier computerised systems. While these older systems were labour-intensive, they were simple and provided a level of clarity that more complex ERP systems can obscure. For example, SAP’s reliance on data accuracy and interlinked functions can be both a strength and a weakness; if data entry processes or interservice coordination falter, SAP can lead to cascading errors or inefficient resource allocation. This contrasts with the older systems, where more direct oversight allowed immediate corrective actions, albeit with higher personnel involvement.

    The NZDF’s historical reliance on incremental upgrades also indicates a pattern of preferring stability over rapid technological shifts, which may have contributed to SAP’s challenges in achieving full operational potential. Further, legacy systems’ straightforward data architecture may have been more adaptable to ad-hoc military requirements. At the same time, SAP’s complex structure requires rigorous adherence to standard operating procedures, which can be challenging in dynamic military environments.

    In summary, the NZDF’s journey from DSSR to SAP encapsulates the challenges of modernising logistics within a traditional military framework. While SAP has undeniably centralised and automated NZDF’s inventory management, unlocking its full potential requires addressing its limitations, particularly regarding adaptability, deployability in operational environments, data integrity, and interservice coordination. A balanced approach incorporating lessons from legacy systems while leveraging SAP’s advanced capabilities could provide the NZDF with a practical, adaptable logistics system tailored to its unique operational demands.


    Notes

    [1] “What is SAP ERP?,” 2024, accessed 11 November, 2024, https://www.sap.com/products/erp/what-is-sap-erp.html.

    [2] Lou Gardiner, “Defence Supply Redevelopment Project,” RNZAOC Pataka Magazine  (8 March 1984): 14.

    [3] Lou Gardiner, “The Current Defence Inventory,” RNZAOC Pataka Magazine  (8 March 1984): 15-18.

    [4] Frank Ryan, “DSSR  Implementation Update,” RNZAOC Pataka Magazine  (8 March 1984): 19.

    [5] Grahame Loveday, “Defence Supply System Development,” RNZAOC Pataka Magazine 1/87  (April 1987): 49-53.

    [6] Kevin Riesterer, “Consumer Unit Accounting,” RNZAOC Pataka Magazine 1993  (July 1993): 9.


    Transition and Transformation: RNZAOC in 1972

    In the historical tapestry of the Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps (RNZAOC), 1972 is a pivotal year, marking twenty-two years since New Zealand’s initial involvement in combat operations in South Korea. The nation continued actively participating in conflicts such as the Malayan Emergency, the Indonesian Confrontation, and the South Vietnam War. Throughout this period, New Zealand maintained a robust part-time territorial army sustained by Compulsory Military Training, all aimed at creating a versatile, all-arms Combat Brigade Group.

    However, 1972 marked a turning point. It witnessed the conclusion of Compulsory Military Training, resulting in a reduction in the Territorial Force and its transformation into a volunteer force. Concurrently, with the conclusion of New Zealand’s commitment to the Vietnam War, the country entered a phase marked by individual engagements in United Nations Peacekeeping operations, a eighty-day mission to Rhodesia, the establishment of a permanent peace monitoring force in the Sinai, and participation in exercises both in New Zealand and overseas. This era ushered in a period of peace for the New Zealand Army, with nearly two decades passing before the RNZAOC would deploy a unit into a combat environment once again.

    As 1972 concluded and the New Zealand Army and the RNZAOC entered this new era, they did so with a cadre of well-trained and experienced warrant and non-commissioned officers. This article will delve into the RNZAOC Regular Officer Cadre of 1972, as documented in the New Zealand Army Graduation List Regular Officer of 31 Oct 1972.

    The RNZAOC of 1972 consisted of around 350 Regular and Territorial Officers and Other Ranks, including Storeman Clerks, Ammunition Technicians, Auto Parts, Footwear Repairers, Motor Trimmers, Tailors, and Clerks across numerous units, including.

    • Main Ordnance Depot, Trentham
    • RNZAOC School, Trentham
    • 1 Central Ordnance Depot, Hopuhopu
    • 2 Central Ordnance Depot, Linton
    • 3 Central Ordnance Depot, Burnham
    • 1 Composite Ordnance Depot, Mangaroa
    • 5 Advanced Ordnance Depot, Singapore
    • Workshops Stores Section in RNZEME Workshops’
    • As Staff in various Headquarters

    At this stage, female soldiers belonged to the New Zealand Woman’s Royal Army Corps (NZWRAC), with many posted to RNZAOC units as integral members of those units.

    The Graduation List Regular Officer is divided into three Parts.

    • Part 1 – Regular Officers
    • Part 2 – Regular Quartermaster Officers
    • Part 3 – Supernumerary List

    Part 1 – RNZAOC Regular Officers

    Lieutenant Colonels

    • Clifford Leaman Sanderson, psc
    • Geoffrey John Hayes Atkinson, MBE, M Inst PS

    Majors

    • John Barrie Glasson, (T/Lt-Col 1 Jan 71)
    • Malcolm John Ross, psc (T/Lt-Col 20 Oct 72)

    Captains

    • Arthur John Campbell, ANZIM, psc (T/Maj 1 Aug 68)
    • Piers Martin Reid, (T/Maj 1 Feb 69)
    • Michael Dawney Hunt, ANZIM (T/Maj 1 Feb 69)
    • Terence David McBeth, (T/Maj 1 Nov 69)
    • Ian Geoffrey Ross
    • Ronald Leslie Cross, psc (T/Maj 21 Jun 70)
    • Gary Malcolm Corkin
    • John Andrew Henderson
    • John Robert Hicks
    • David John Rees
    • Michael Joseph Cooper
    • Terence John Verrall

    Lieutenants

    • Maxwell Frederick Newnham, (T/Capt 7 Mar 70)
    • Patrick Te Tahuri Puohotaua
    • Michael Alexender Cowan
    • John Francis Hyde, (T/Capt 1 Apr 71)
    • Kevin John Dreyer, (T/Capt 22 Jun 72)
    • Paul Edwin Dangerfield
    • Keith David Hansen
    • Mark David Stuart, BA (mil)
    • Peter Martin O’Brien
    • Grant William Blackburn

    Second Lieutenants

    • Noel Anthony Hitchings
    • Allan Charles Lash

    Part 2 – RNZAOC Quartermaster List

    Captains and Quartermasters

    • William Maxwell Campbell, (T/Maj & QM 1 Aug 68)
    • Patrick George Burns, (T/Maj & QM 25 Apr 69)
    • David Ralph Hughes, T/Maj & QM 3 Jun 70)
    • Keith Alexander Watson
    • Ian Roy Larsen
    • Alan Paul Bezar

    Lieutenants and Quartermasters

    • Donald Winter Stewart, (T/Capt & QM 22 Feb 71)
    • Hector Searle McLachlan, (T/Capt & QM 1 May 71)
    • Godfrey Edward Lee, (T/Capt & am 5 Apr 71)
    • Stewart McDonald Fussell, (T/Capt & QM 5 Apr 71)
    • John Edward Hancox, (T/Capt & QM 1 Jul 70)
    • Edward Vennell Sweet, (T/Capt & QM 11 Aug 71)
    • Alfred Stephenson Day, (T/Capt & QM 3 Sep 71)
    • James William Twist

    Part 3 – RNZAOC Supernumerary List

    Majors

    • Ronald George Henderson Golightly

    Captains

    • Carleton Robert Duggan, (T/Maj & QM 14 Sep 68)
    • George Edward Butler, (QM) (T/Maj & QM 4 Aug 69)

    Statistics on the RNZAOC 1972 Officers List

    • Duntroon Graduates- 1
    • Portsea Graduates -10
    • RF Cadets – 2
    • Served in other Corps before joining RNZAOC – 7

    Operational Service

    • WW2 – 4
    • J Force – 2
    • K Force – 2
    • Malaya – 6
    • Vietnam – 15

    Service and Age

    • 1972 Average age – 36 years
    • Average age on leaving RNZAOC – 44 years.
    • Over 20 years of RNZAOC Service – 27
    • Cumulative amount of RNZAOC Service – 880 Years
    • Shortest Service in RNZAOC – 2 Years
    • Longest Service in RNZAOC – 36 Years
    • Average length of NZ Army Service – 62 Years
    • Average length of RNZAOC Service – 59 Years

    Appointments

    • Chief of General Staff-   1
    • Director of Ordnance Services – 7
    • Chief Instructor RNZAO School –  8
    • Chief Ammunition Technical Officer – 3
    • Colonel-Commandant – 2

    In 1972, the RNZAOC entered a transformative period, marked by changes in training, force structure, and the cessation of its involvement in the Vietnam War. The graduation list reflects a diverse group of officers, well-versed in various aspects of military service. As the RNZAOC transitioned into a new era characterised by peacekeeping missions and operational diversification, the officers of 1972 carried with them a wealth of experience and training, setting the stage for the Corps’ future endeavours. The statistical overview provides insights into the officers’ backgrounds, service history, and appointments, highlighting the depth of expertise within the RNZAOC during this pivotal time.


    The Evolution of Computerised Supply Accounting within the Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps,  1958-1990

    The Need for Change

    The Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps (RNZAOC) has historically played a crucial role in ensuring efficient supply and logistics management. Operating in an era far removed from today’s advanced technological landscape, the RNZAOC initially relied on manual processes for stores and inventory accounting. Although RNZAOC accounting procedures evolved over time, handwritten vouchers, ledgers and stock record cards continued to underpin much of the Army’s inventory management well into the twentieth century. The process was time-consuming, labour-intensive, and prone to human error, demanding exceptional accuracy. As modern logistics demands increased, inefficiencies in RNZAOC accounting practices became a growing concern.

    By the mid-20th century, military supply chains worldwide began embracing mechanisation and digitalisation to improve operational efficiency. The transition to computerised supply accounting was therefore a significant and necessary evolution, aligned with broader Defence modernisation efforts.

    This article traces the RNZAOC’s journey from manual record-keeping to electric accounting machines (EAMs) and, eventually, to fully integrated computer-based supply systems, which revolutionised military logistics in New Zealand. It covers developments from 1964 to 1990, detailing key milestones in military logistics automation.

    The Hollerith Precursor, 1958

    Although electronic data processing in 1964 marked a significant development in New Zealand Army supply accounting, efforts to mechanise aspects of equipment control began several years earlier.

    Army Headquarters correspondence dated 6 May 1958 reveals that a census and stocktake of Class A stores was ordered for 30 June 1958. One of its principal purposes was to transfer Army Headquarters control records to the Hollerith machine system. The system had already incorporated vehicle records, and the census was intended to extend mechanised statistical control to other categories of military equipment.[1]

    Hollerith technology employed punched cards and mechanical or electromechanical equipment to sort, count and tabulate information. Although fundamentally different from the electronic computers later introduced into Defence, it marked an important stage in mechanising military record-keeping.

    The 1958 census required considerable administrative preparation. Units and Ordnance Depots were instructed to reconcile their holdings, finalise outstanding vouchers and verify item identification codes and quantities. The census period imposed movement restrictions on affected stores to preserve the accuracy of the records being transferred. Existing manual ledgers, census code lists, and adjustment vouchers remained essential to the process, showing that mechanisation supplemented, rather than immediately replaced, established accounting practices.

    Another development was incorporating equipment serviceability classifications into Army Headquarters statistical records. Instructions issued in June 1958 required units to report changes in the condition of Class A stores through Equipment Casualty Returns.[2] These distinguished serviceable from unserviceable equipment and established procedures for reporting changes following repair, condemnation or reclassification. The arrangements required cooperation between units, Ordnance Depots and RNZEME workshops, linking equipment maintenance with centralised inventory control.[3]

    These developments demonstrate that the Army had recognised the potential of mechanised record processing before the 1964 feasibility study into electronic data processing. However, the Hollerith system focused mainly on centrally maintained statistical and equipment control records, rather than the comprehensive accounting of receipts, issues, balances, and provisioning that would later become the focus of the RNZAOC electronic accounting programme.

    The transition from manual records to computerised supply accounting was therefore evolutionary rather than immediate. Hollerith machinery, electric accounting machines, paper-tape processing, and subsequent mainframe systems represented successive, and sometimes overlapping, stages in modernising Army logistics information management.

    Transition to the NATO Codification System and Evolution of Stores Accounting

    Because of the historical connections between the RNZAOC and the British Army, the RNZAOC initially used the Vocabulary of Army Ordnance Stores (VAOS) system to categorise item part numbers. Nevertheless, as the relationship with the United States deepened and more US equipment entered service, the RNZAOC made a pivotal decision in 1968 to adopt the NATO Codification System. This transition replaced VAOS numbers with universally recognised NATO Stock Numbers (NSNs). NSNs are commonly associated with the United States Military as National Stock Numbers, which evolved from the Federal Stock Numbers developed during World War II. While the United States Government developed the codification system, NATO has long developed and augmented it into a global system.

    Each Item of Supply is identified in the National Codification System by a unique 13-digit NSN. The NSN consists of three identifying parts:

    • A four-digit NATO Supply Classification (NSC), also known as “Group Class,” this places the item into a group classification, for example, generators, aircraft engines, etc.
    • A Two-digit Nation Code (NC) identifying the country assigned the NATO Stock Number. Examples of NCs are:
      • 00 and 01 – United States.
      • 66 – Australia.
      • 99 – United Kingdom.
      • 98 – New Zealand.
    • A seven-digit Item Identification Number (IIN) which, together with the NZ, is unique to that item.

    With the support of the United Kingdom, New Zealand gained admission to the NATO Codification community in 1969. Although the first official “98” NATO Stock Number (NSN) was assigned in December 1972,  NSNs with the “NZ” prefix had been in active use as far back as 1964. With many items still in the supply system with VAOS codes, it took time to harmonise and align the two codification systems. However, by the close of the 1970s, NATO Stock Numbers had been fully integrated into the New Zealand Army supply infrastructure.

    Example of pre 1972 New Zealand NSN using “NZ” instead of “98”. Robert McKie Collection

    As New Zealand transitioned into the NATO Codification community, and given that a significant portion of RNZAOC activities centred on procurement, provisioning, and stores accounting, steps were taken in the mid-1960s to modernise stores accounting processes.

    The RNZAOC’s store accounting practices evolved from the initial systems established by the New Zealand Defence Stores Department in the 1860s and incorporated lessons learned since then. The ledger card was the cornerstone of these records. In 1980, many of the ledger cards the RNZAOC used had roots in the Royal Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC) Visidex system. The RAOC introduced the Visidex system in the late 1930s as a straightforward ledger card system to replace complex mechanical ledger-posting systems that had proven unsatisfactory.[4]  Initially implemented for wartime use within Ordnance Field Parks (OFPs), the Visidex system proved ideal because of its simplicity and minimal staff training requirements. Carbon-backed posting slips were used, enabling easy checks to be conducted. Each OFP section maintained a control office where all indents from units were received. The stock record was meticulously verified, the stock’s location within the OFP (where each truck served as a stock location) was identified, and the stock record was promptly updated. If the stock was available, it was immediately issued. When the stock was unavailable, it was recorded as “Dues Out,” and an indent was placed with the supporting Depot for replenishment, marked as “Dues In.”[5]  Each truck within an OFP also maintained its stock records, reconciled with each issue, receipt, and stocktake. The Visidex system’s robustness and simplicity made it the New Zealand Army’s primary field stores accounting system, a role it continued to fulfil well into the 1990s. In the context of the 1980s, the RNZAOC stores accounting system consisted of eight different ledger card systems:

    • MD 310 Ledger card. Used by 1 Base Supply Battalion, 1, 2, 3, and 4 Supply Companies, and the New Zealand Advanced Ordnance Depot Provision, Control and Accounts (PC&A) Sections to manage Defence Inventory, less, Ammunition, Rations and Fuel and Articles in Use (AiU).
    • MD 324 Loan Record Card. Used by Quartermaster Stores to manage AIU items on long term loan (7 Days or more) to individuals.
    • MD 329 Record of Stores Supplied on Temporary Loan. Used by Quartermaster Stores to manage AIU items on short term (7 Days or less) loan to individuals.
    • AFNZ 150 Stock Record Card. Used by RNZAOC Workshops Stores section to manage repair parts, assemblies and workshop material to suit the particular requirements of their parent workshops.
    • AFNZ 169P Ammunition Account Card and AFNZ 171P Ammunition Lot/Data Card. Used by the Ammunition Provision Control and Accounts (APCA) section to manage serviceable and unserviceable ammunition.
    • AFNZ 28 Supplies and FOL Ledger. Used by RNZAOC Supply Platoons to manage Foodstuffs, Fuel, oil and lubricants.
    • AFNZ 162 Stock and Provision Record Card. Based on the Visidex card, the AFNZ162 was used by RNZAOC Field units to manage stock in operational environments.
    • AFNZ 161 Store Ledger Card. Used by RNZAOC Quartermaster Stores to manage AIU items in-store or on distribution under an MD502 Distribution Record.

    Journey Towards Electronic Data Processing

    The next major phase in replacing manual stores accounting began in 1964, with a feasibility study to introduce electronic data processing within the Army. By September 1965, a machine accounting system had been designed for Army use. However, the Army was not working in isolation, this was part of a broader Defence-wide initiative to introduce computerised accounting, with the Navy and Air Force developing parallel systems tailored to their specific needs.

    The new system was intended to utilise electric accounting machines (EAMs) at ordnance depots and major camps. These machines updated records and punched data onto paper tape for processing at the Defence EDP Centre. However, at this stage, Defence did not yet have a central computer, so an arrangement was made to use the Treasury’s IBM 650 computer.

    Treasury’s IBM 650. National Library

    EAMs had arithmetic capabilities and could generate simultaneous, error-free postings, records, registers, and paper tape. Their introduction was expected to significantly reduce the number of records required, operate much faster than manual methods, and minimise audit queries.

    Once the central computer processed the information produced by the EAMs, a timely and wide range of data became available, including:

    • Daily provisioning information.
    • Quicker identification of surpluses.
    • Continuous extraction of shortfalls and bonuses.
    • Status reports on demand, including requirement-resource comparisons over any desired range.

    For the first time, the system aimed to provide a more accurate prediction of stock levels, enabling faster and more efficient service to units.

    Phased Introduction of the System

    From November 1965, the new system was to be introduced in four phases:

    • Phase 1 – Main Ordnance Depot at Trentham
    • Phase 2 – District Ordnance Depots
    • Phase 3 – Main Camps and Logistic Support Group (LSG) Units
    • Phase 4 – Other units, either through Camp machine installations or by direct computer input

    During Phases 1 and 2, the EAMs were to function as a self-contained system with central control, which would commence fully in Phase 3.

    Implementation Timeline

    • November 1965 – Machines, ledger cards, and machine operators delivered to the Main Ordnance Depot. Card raising begins with a new type of ledger card.
    • June 1966 – Planning begins at District Ordnance Depots.
    • October 1966 – Balances machined on ledger cards at the Main Ordnance Depot. Automatic accounting commences, and output is prepared for the computer.
    • Early 1967 – Planning commences at Main Camps and LSG units.
    • June 1967 – Automatic operations begin at District Ordnance Depots.
    • 1968 – Units outside of main camps are integrated into the system.

    Training of EAM Operators

    EAM operators were to be known as Data Operators. The RNZAF conducted a twelve-week training course for data operators. By September 1965, the Army had two trained operators, with four more about to begin training.[6]

    Early Progress

    By June 1966, the overall design of the EAM system, reporting to a central computer installation, was well advanced. The target date for the Main Ordnance Depot (MOD) was now set a month ahead of the original October 1966 schedule. Army had 6 Data Processors, 5 at the MOD and one at CDOD at Linton,

    Since November 1965, MOD data processors had been raising cards using Flexowriter machines, which also produced punched paper tape for computer input. MOD also upgraded its facilities, completing the machine room at Trentham and fitting it with two NCR-33 accounting machines. Additionally, machine rooms were installed at Ngāruawāhia and Burnham, while a new facility at Linton was planned for completion in July 1966. Planning for machine rooms at Papakura and Waiouru had been finalised, but installation had not yet taken place.[7]

    NCR-33 Accounting Machine. https://www.ncr.org.uk/accounting-machines

    Proposals for a Defence computer installation were deferred in 1967, as the overall defence programming capability was weakened by the resignation of experienced staff who transferred to private industry. Initially, Defence policy aimed to advance computing in personnel, pay, and supply simultaneously. However, in 1967, priorities were reassessed, with supply taking precedence, followed by personnel and then pay.

    The introduction of accounting machines at the Army’s Main Ordnance Depot (MOD) and the Navy’s and Air Force’s equivalent store depots meant all three services now operated with standard ledger cards and uniform procedures. This was a significant step forward toward a unified Defence supply system. Reliance on a mainframe computer continued, with the Treasury’s computer—now upgraded to an IBM 360—remaining in use.[8]

    In July 1967, approval was granted for a Defence computer installation, and the rental of an International Computers and Tabulators (ICT) ICT-1902 was authorised for installation at the Defence EDP Division in Porirua. This necessitated Defence staff retraining and converting projects from the Treasury’s IBM 360 system to the new system. However, EDP work remained the priority, with supply taking precedence, followed by personnel and finance.[9]

    By September 1968, Defence’s ICT-1902 computer was fully operational, supporting standard Defence systems. The following supply systems were in production:

    • Stores Budgetary Control – Provided monthly reports by departmental expenditure code, detailing funds committed, paid, and outstanding for the Navy, Army, and Air Force. The system tracked approximately 400 vote code items and 90,000 stock lines.
    • Federal Stock – Recorded receipt, issue, consumption, and provisioning data for 78,000 line items of U.S.-supplied equipment. This record was expected to expand significantly with the acquisition of A-4K Skyhawks and increasing U.S.-supplied equipment for the Army.
    • Class A Stores – Tracked the location of all high-value and sensitive stores issued to Army units.
    • Vehicles – Maintained records of all vehicles by unit, including a catalogue detailing vehicle types and associated equipment, such as tyres.[10]

    At this stage, the Air Force, with a relatively new fleet of American aircraft, led the development of a Defence supply system. This system was envisioned to cover approximately 200,000 line items for the Air Force alone and would gradually be extended to the Navy and Army.[11]

    1970–1990: Expansion and Modernisation

    The Defence Force replaced the ICT-1902 mainframe with a more capable ICL 1903 mainframe in the early 1970s, improving its capacity to handle Defence logistics. Some key supply systems introduced during this period included:

    • Stores Budgetary Control System – Monthly expenditure tracking for Army, Navy, and Air Force.
    • Federal Stock Control System – Managed 78,000 US-supplied military items, which was set to expand significantly with the acquisition of A-4K Skyhawks.
    • Class A Stores System – Tracked high-value and sensitive Army inventory.
    • Vehicle Fleet Management System – Monitored vehicle holdings, maintenance, and associated equipment.
    A NCR-299 electronic accounting system from 1974. https://computarium.lcd.lu/photos/albums/BONAMI_MISC/album/slides/P1030480.html

    The Sperry Era

    By 1981, the NZDF’s computing capability had fallen behind contemporary industry standards. A major overhaul took place when the ICL mainframe was replaced with a Sperry UNIVAC 1100/60E mainframe.[12]  At the same time, a comprehensive data communications network was established, connecting major Defence locations to the computer at Porirua. This network featured 550 non-programmable (dumb) workstations across the defence infrastructure, each consisting of a keyboard and terminal.

     

    The Sperry mainframe computer became fully operational by April 1982. However, because the S2 system was developed on an ICL 1903 computer, converting it to the Sperry system proved difficult. The system suffered severe conversion problems, paving the way for the Defence Supply System Retail (DSSR) project. The full implementation of DSSR was initially forecast for 1986/87. DSSR was conceived to extend the mainframe’s technology to the depot and unit level, automating functions performed by the ICL system with minimal enhancements. The anticipated benefits of DSSR included:

    • A more responsive reporting facility.
    • An electronic data record in place of ledger cards.
    • Automatic production of vouchers.
    • Automatic updating of stock files.
    • An up-to-date central overview of the stock situation.
    • Automated production of statistics at both HQ and unit levels.
    • An instantaneous enquiry system at unit level.
    • Less dependence by units on higher Headquarters for stock information.

    By 1983, RNZAF Base Auckland had implemented the DSSR system, with 1 Supply Company at Ngāruawāhia migrating their MD310s into the DSSR system. This concerted effort positioned 1 Sup Coy to input ledger balances into the DSSR system once the necessary hardware, including terminals, keyboards, and printers, was installed and 1 Sup Coy personnel had completed their training. These milestones were successfully achieved by late March 1984. As 1 Sup Coy went live, other RNZAOC units were cleansing their records in anticipation of integration into the DSSR system. The transition from the NCR Machines to DSSR was not seamless, as the NCR machines were worn out and the vendor found them difficult to support. Units such as NZAOD and 4 Sup Coy had by 1984 reverted to a manual accounting system. Although labour-intensive, manual accounting using the MD310 was accurate, with stock figures held in PC&A Sections not too far out.[13]

    DSSR was just one of the computer applications the RNZAOC used. By 1988, the SPERRY Mainframe at Porirua supported additional applications alongside DSSR. Running on a third-generation programming language known as COBOL, the most well-known COBOL programs included:

    • POLI (Personnel On-line Inquiry).
    • AIRMAIL (Personnel On-line PON Input).
    • DSSR (Defence Supply Systems – Detail).
    • LOGIC (Logistics Inventory Control).
    • Finance Interrogation (RI) System.
    • Finance Expenditure (RS) System.
    • Finance Commitments (RC) System.

    Another mainframe application the RNZAOC used was the Maintaining, Preparing, Producing Executive Report (MAPPER) application. Although it could be used for programming, it was resource-intensive, so computer production management staff favoured it less. The RNZAOC, along with the RNZEME, were significant users of MAPPER, employing it for:

    • 1 BSB Stock Location System.
    • Army Defect Reporting System (ADRS).
    • Army Equipment Management System (AEMS).

    The New Zealand Army Scales and Documentation Centre (NZASDC) Scales and Entitlements System was introduced in 1986, automating the production of equipment scaling documents. The NZASDC system was based on a PRIME computer and incorporated data and graphics. One selling point of introducing this system was that it allowed NZASDC staff to overcome an estimated backlog of 150 man-years. The budget for this system in 1985 was $0.579m (2023 $1,835,352).

    By 1988, access to the Defence Integrated Database System (DIDS)was introduced, allowing for enquiries against all overseas-provided identification and technical information. This gave item managers access to other nations’ sources of supply.

    Since the mainframe provided access to only limited applications and little scope for general computer familiarisation, the first Sanyo microcomputers were introduced into Defence in 1981. These offered access to programs for word processing, spreadsheets, and database access to Defence units. 1988 Defence expanded its microcomputer capability with a tender for a new range of microcomputers based on the IBM/MS-DOS standard. The selected machine was the 16-bit Compaq Deskpro 286. By the end of 1988, the number of Compaqs owned by Defence was over 700, with 140 installed within Army units. Standard software packages selected for these microcomputers include the following:

    • WordStar 2000 Plus (Word processor)
    • dBase III Plus (Database)
    • Lotus 1-2-3 (Spreadsheet)
    • SuperCalc4 (Spreadsheet)
    • FrameWork 2 (Integrated package)
    • SideKick (Desktop assistant)

    The Defence Supply System Development (DSSD) project was initiated in 1986 as the second phase to replace the NCR accounting machines and ledger cards in stockholding units, with the first phase, DSSR, implemented during 1983/5. Both DSSR and DSSD were considered interim solutions due to the urgency dictated by the inability to support the NCR accounting machines beyond 1988.

    The Defence Supply Redevelopment Project (DSRP) was launched in 1986 to find a lasting solution. The goal was to replace the temporary DSSR and DSSD systems while tackling persistent issues like repairable item management and performance measurement.

    Resource limitations made it impractical to develop both projects (DSSD & DSRP) in parallel and wasteful to develop both as interim solutions. Analysis of the fundamental problems with the supply system identified during the first phase of DSSR pointed to DSSD as a reasonable, simple and achievable data integrity and management solution.

    DSSD was confirmed in 1987 as the baseline supply system for later enhancement by DSRP. This has involved a change in scope to allow repair processing and retail functions with DSSD replacing DSSR with more comprehensive processing. Upon completion of DSSD, the system was intended to provide a stable online supply system with the essential features of a supply accounting and replenishment system in basic form, allowing the New Zealand military to meet its operating requirements. The planned implementation phases for DSSD were:

    • Construct item identification records and complete depot purification by March 1988.
      • 1 Base Supply Battalion (1BSB) trial and conversion by March 1989.
      • Enhance 1 BSB office facilities and convert Air and Navy depots by January 1990.
      • Retail prototypes by September 1990.
      • Enhanced retail facilities and complete conversion by January 1991.
      • Develop future DSRP modules such as performance measurement starting in 1990.

    With DSSR rolled out to most RNZAOC Units by 1987. However, the DSSD development team encountered difficulties with the LINC development environment, delaying the pilot system rollout at 1BSB until late 1989.

    To enhance field support capabilities, the RNZAOC initiated computer experimentation in 1988. A significant milestone occurred during the 1988 Force Maintenance Group (FMG) Annual Camp when the 21 Supply Company was introduced to a mainframe terminal, granting access to the DSSR. Another notable advancement at the FMG Annual Camp involved the trial of a computer-based Frequency of Issue (FOI) calculation system designed and coded using dBase III. This system drastically improved efficiency, enabling the Ration Platoon staff to complete forty-eight man-hours of work in just four hours. Following this success, the FOI program underwent a thorough evaluation by a Quality Review Team established by the Directorate of Ordnance Services (DOS). It was subsequently extensively redeveloped and renamed COMRAT.

    Sergeant Gerry Rolfe and DSSR Terminal, FMG Annual Camp 1988. RNZAOC Collection

    During the 1989 Exercise Golden Fleece, the exercise area was equipped with mainframe terminals to support 21 Supply Company, the Ordnance Support Group (OSG), and Workshop Stores Sections. Additional general-purpose terminals were deployed at the New Zealand Force and FMG Headquarters. Strong data communication links were established to the Defence mainframe through Telecon data circuits and RNZSigs radio relay facilities.

    Furthermore, COMRAT was tested and evaluated by RNZAOC units deployed on Exercise Golden Fleece in New Zealand and on Exercise Taiaha Tombak X in Malaysia, utilising hardware in the form of a ‘ruggedised’ GRiDCASE laptop or Hewlett-Packard Portable Vectra CS laptop. These innovative approaches aimed to validate the procedures and facilities required to support logistics elements deployed alongside operational forces. However, the outcomes varied, showing both successes and challenges. While progress was evident, a fully deployable logistics solution remained a work in progress.

    NZAOD Hewlett-Packard. Portable Vectra CS, 1989. Robert McKie Collection

    As the 1980s drew to a close, the RNZAOC began shifting from manual to technology-driven supply accounting. Since the late 1960s, the RNZAOC achieved significant milestones, including adopting NSNs, implementing networked and standalone computer systems, and initiating modernisation projects like DSSR and DSSD. These advancements represented a profound evolution in New Zealand’s military logistics.

    This two-decade effort laid the foundation for rapid development in the 1990s. Despite various challenges, these advancements paved the way toward a more efficient, streamlined approach to military supply management. Importantly, they positioned the RNZAOC to lead in this transformative journey.

    The RNZAOC’s transition marks a major paradigm shift in military logistics, reflecting its full embrace of modern technology and methods to improve the effectiveness and precision of supply management. While this article provides a simplified overview, it is hoped to be a catalyst, inspiring further in-depth research into this crucial aspect of New Zealand’s military logistics history.

    Conclusion: Laying the Groundwork for Future Innovations

    The evolution of supply accounting within the RNZAOC was not a sudden transformation that began with the electronic data processing studies of the 1960s. Evidence that Hollerith punched-card records were in use by 1958 shows that the Corps had already begun moving towards mechanised supply accounting before the formal Defence EDP programme emerged. This early use of machine-readable records bridged manual ledger-card accounting with the electric accounting machines, paper-tape processes, and computer-based systems that followed.

    From this foundation, the period from the late 1950s to 1990 saw the RNZAOC move progressively from labour-intensive manual accounting to increasingly centralised, standardised, and automated systems. Each stage reflected the same enduring requirement: to know what was held, where it was held, what was required, and how the Army could sustain itself more effectively. The adoption of NATO codification, the use of mechanised accounting methods, the development of Defence EDP, and the later introduction of more integrated computer-based supply systems were all part of this wider progression.

    By 1990, the Corps had moved far from handwritten records, manual ledgers, and punched cards to computer-supported supply accounting. The change was not simply technical. It changed how stores information was captured, processed, reported, and used for decision-making. In doing so, it laid the groundwork for the logistics information systems that followed and demonstrated the RNZAOC’s continued ability to adapt its accounting practices to meet the changing needs of the New Zealand Army.

    Notes

    [1] Army Headquarters, ‘Census and Stocktake of Class “A” Stores’, Army 246/1/132/Q(Org), 6 May 1958, CEME Correspondence, PDF pp. 72–74.

    [2] Army Headquarters, ‘Equipment Casualty Returns: Class “A” Stores’, Army 246/1/132/Q(Org), 24 June 1958, CEME Correspondence, PDF pp. 60–61.

    [3] Army Headquarters, ‘Census Code List No. 1 — Amendment No. 3’, Army 246/1/132/Q(Org), 12 August 1958, CEME Correspondence, PDF pp. 49–50.

    [4] Brigadier A.H Fernyhough C.B.E. M.C, History of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps 1920-1945 (London: Royal Army Ordnance Corps, 1965), 213.

    [5] P.H. Williams, War on Wheels: The Mechanisation of the British Army in the Second World War (History Press Limited, 2016), 73.

    [6] Army 246/1/12 Introduction of Electronic Data Processing into Stores Accounting Systems-NZ Army Dates 30 Sept 1965. “Stores – Account for General Instructions,” Archives New Zealand Item No R17188987  (1964 – 1967).

    [7] Defence EDP Division 38/4/3 EDP Stores Accounting Systems Dated 28 June 1966. “Stores – Account for General Instructions.”

    [8] “H-4 Report of the Ministry of Defence for the year ending 31 March 1967,” Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives  (31 March 1967 1967).

    [9] “H-4 Report of the Ministry of Defence for the year ending 31 March 1968,” Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives  (31 March 1968 1968).

    [10] “H-4 Report of the Ministry of Defence for the year ending 31 March 1969,” Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives  (31 March 1969 1969).

    [11] “H-4 Report of the Ministry of Defence for the year ending 31 March 1970,” Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives  (31 March 1970 1970).

    [12] New Zealand. Parliament, Parliamentary Debates: House of Representatives (1983).

    [13] Major J.S Bolton, A History of the Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps (Trentham: RNZAOC, 1992).


    RNZAOC School – Unit History 1985

    Units of the New Zealand Army must maintain a diary in which all matters connected with the unit are concisely but clearly recorded. Using Army Form New Zealand 144 (AFNZ 144), a unit provides a daily account of the unit’s activities, with entries providing the location and a brief description of the key events. Entries can be listed merely as” Ordinary Routine”, with others providing a more detailed account of the unit’s activities.

    The following transcripts of the RNZAOC School have been copied from the original typed and handwritten AFNZ144 sheets. Much of the original wording has been retained, but most abbreviated words and phrases have been included in full to improve readability. Phpt

    Upper Hutt City Library (29th Jan 2020). Trentham Camp; Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps School sign.. In Website Upper Hutt City Library. Retrieved 14th Jul 2020 11:51, from https://uhcl.recollect.co.nz/nodes/view/1335

    7 January 1985

    SSgt Wayne Little posted as W02 Clerk Stores to Ordnance Directorate. He was promoted to W02 on posting.

    10 January 1985

    Course 11.28 Junior Supplier Marched In. Duration 10 January – 26 February 85. 14 students arrived. 2 of these were returned to unit after failing the Critical Performance Test.

    14 January 1985

    Maj Bolton began the Grade II Staff and Tactics Course at the Tactical School.

    LCpl Marsh attended Pre-Course coaching for the Junior NCO Course at 4 Composite Squadron. Duration 14-19 Jan 85.

    Course 11.26A Blinds Disposal Course Marched In. This was run for 3 Task Force personnel. Duration 15 – 18 Jan 85.

    Sgt Wayne Bray arrived on Tour of Duty to the School to assist with the Blinds Disposal Course

    20 January 1985

    Lcpl Marsh attended the Mercedes Benz 8-tonne Familiarisation Course run by 10 Transport Squadron. Duration 20 – 25 Jan 85.

    21 January 1985

    Course 11.26B Blinds Disposal Marched In. This was the second of 2 courses run for 3 Task Force personnel. Duration 22 – 25 Jan 85.

    28 January 1985

    Sgt Bray was posted as an Instructor to Ammo Wing, RNZAOC School. He was promoted to Temporary SSgt on Posting.

    LCpl Marsh commenced the Junior NCO promotion course.

    31 January 1985

    LCpl Marsh was ‘returned to unit’ from the Junior NCO promotion course.

    1 April 1985

    W02 Steed, Ssgt Armstrong, Ssgt Lush, Lcpl B. Marsh and Cpl Cole attended a 16mm Projectionist Course at the Education Section at Trentham Camp during 1-3 Apr 85.

    Course 11.10 RF TF All Arms Blinds Disposal marched in. Duration 1-4 A r 85. 8 personnel qualified.

    1 -2  April 1985

    A series of one day Defence Supply System Retail (DSSR) Initial Training Courses were held during 1-12 Apr 85. A total of 56 military and civilian received this training (7 per course)

    9 April 1985

    Course 11.11 RF TF All Arms Blinds Disposal marched in. Duration 9-12 Apr 85.  8 personnel qualified.

    15 April 1985

    Major Bolton returned from leave after attending the Grade II Course.

    Course 11. 12 RF /TF All Arms Blinds Disposal marched in Duration 16-19 Aor 85, 8 personnel qualified.

    16 April 1985

    Course 11.15 DSSR Conversion was held during 15-19 Apr 85. 6 students attended (4 military and 2 civilians).

    22 April 1985

    Course 11.16 DSSR Conversion was held during 22-26 Apr 85. 7 students attended. (5 military and 2 civilians).

    29 April 1985

    Warrant Officer Class Two Bill Steel arrived at the School on posting as a Supply Instructor.

    Course 11.17 DSSR Initial Training Course marched in. Duration 29/30 Apr 85. 6 students attended (3 military and 3 civilian).

    1-3 May 1985

    An RNZAOC Head of Corps Conference was held at the School.

    2-3 May 1985

    A General Service Vehicle Familiarisation Course for the V8 Landrover was conducted for Military Police School and RNZAOC School staff. The newly appointed Camp RSM W01 Tiriwi acted as the senior instructor for this course. W02 Ryan, W02 Morrison, SSgt Armstrong and Lcpl Marsh attended. All qualified.

    2-3 May 1985

    Course 11.18 DSSR Initial Training was conducted. Four military personnel attended~

    3 May 1985

    Course 11.18 Blinds Disposal marched·out. Seven personnel qualified

    6-24 May 1985

    Course 11.19 DSSR Unit Systems Controller/Unit Systems Operator was conducted.Six· military and two civilian personnel attended.

    6 May 1985

    Course 11,21 Senior Ammunition Technician Band 5 marched in. Cpl Cole, Cple Cotter and Cpl Short attended.

    10 May 1985

    Course 11.14 Foodstuff/POL Accounting and Storage marched out. Five students attended and qualified.

    15 May 1985

    W01 Thorn, the School Sergeant Major (SSM) was discharged from the Army after 20 years service.

    16 May 1985

    Wo2 Mike Steed assumed the appointment of SSM

    20 May 1985

    Capt John Green arrived on posting to assume the appointment of Senior Instructor(Supply)

    20-24 May 1985

    The Senior Ammunition Technician Course carried out the Demolition Phase of their course at Waiouru.

    23 May 1985

    WO2 Steed commenced the Accounting Officers Course at the School of Army Administration. Duration 23 May -18 June 85.

    25 May 1985

    Captain Edwards was posted to SMSO at Defence Headquarters.

    27-31 May 1985

    Course 11.22 DSSR Conversion was conducted. Six military and two civilian personnel attended.

    The Senior Ammunition Technician Course carried out the Repair, Inspection and Maintenance (RIMO) Phase at 3 Supply Company

    2 July 1985

    12 students marched in to attend course 11.26 RNZAOC Senior Supplier, duration 2 July – 14 August 1985. Our Transport NCO LCpl Brian Marsh was among the students.

    8-9 July 1985

    The Camp RSM conducted a V8 Land Rover familiarisation course for school staff. Among the students were Major Bolton, WO1 Steed, SSgt Bray and SSgt Lush. All qualified.

    10-11 July 1985

    A second VB Land Rover familiarisation course was conducted by the Camp RSM. The students were Capt Green, SSgt Driver, Sgt Hodgetts, Cpl (W) Tuhoro and Cpl Cole.

    13 July 1985

    School staff celebrated the RNZAOC Corps day at a dinner held at Claridges Cabaret

    14-17 July 1985

    Maj Bolton, Capt Green, WO1 Steed, WO2 Ryan, WO2 Steel, WO2 Morrison and SSgt Bray travelled to Sylvia Park to uplift 4 Unimog trucks on issue to the school. The Camp RSM accompanied them and conducted Unimog training during the period. All qualified as Unimog drivers

    16 July 1985

    Cpl Bruce Cole proceeded to Fiji as part of a training team to conduct a Blinds Disposal and Ammunition Storage Courses for the Fijian Forces. He was promoted to Acting Sergeant for the duration of his tour of duty – 16 Jul – 8 Aug 85.

    21 July 1985

    SSqt Driver departed for the Cook Islands to take part in Operation Raratonga.This is the New Zealand Arrnv’s support to a series of South Pacific Forums, conferences and games. Steve was employed as Rations Commander.

    22 -26 July 1985

    Major Thomson, the Chief Ammunition Technical Officer (CATO) and his staff ran Course 11.28 Tri-Service Improvised Explosives Devices (IED) course at the School. SA total of 7 Army students attended. This included the Chief Instructor, Major Bolton and from the Ammunition Wing W02 _Morrison and SSgt Bray.

    12 – 23 August 1985

    RNZAOC RF Officers Promotion Captain – Major Course Conducted.

    RNZAOC RF Officers Promotion Captain – Major Course. Robert McKie Collection

    14 August 1985

    Course 11.26 RNZAOC Senior Supplier marched out.

    RNZAOC 11.26 RNZAOC Senior Supplier Course. Robert.McKie Collection

    19 August 1985

    Course 11.33A Petroleum Operators Phase One marched in (7 students).

    20-22 August 1985

    Basic Civilian Clerical Course Conducted.

    Basic Civilian Clerical Course. Robert McKie Collection

    4 September 1985

    Course 11.34 Supply Managers marched in ( 16 students).

    16-19 September 1985

    W02 Bill Stee l attended the Central Region Golf Tournament at Waiouru.

    16 -20 September 1985

    Capt John Green attended the Force Maintenance Group Study weekend.

    18 September 1985

    The Petroleum Operators Course returned from Helwan

    20 September 1985

    Course 11.33A Petroleum Operators Phase One marched out 7 students qualified.

    RNZAOC Petroleum Operators Phase One 11.33A. Robert McKie Collection

    Course  11 33 Advanced Senior Ammunition Technician marched out. Sgt Lyes passed.

    20 – 22 September 1985

    Major Bolton attended a Potential Officer Selection Board at Waiouru as an observer.

    23 September 1985

    Course 11.34A Petroleum Operators Phase One marched in (12 students).

    27-29 September 1985

    The Petroleum Operators Course moved to Linton to attend a 21 Supply Company Fire Fighting training weekend.

    29 September 1985

    The Petroleum Operators Course moved from Linton to Helwan to attend the Field Phase

    30 September 1985

    A Police Improvised Explosive Device Course which the School ran commenced at the Porirua Police College.

    7-11 October 1985

    Course 11.37 RNZAOC Advanced Supply Manager was attended by eight personnel.

    RNZAOC Advanced Supply Managers Course 11.37. Robert McKie Collection

    WO1 Mike Steed and SSgt Wayne Bray attended a Mess/Club Procedures Course run by the Education Winq. The Ammunition Classroom was used for this course.

    8 October 1985

    Course 11.34 Supply Managers Marched out. 10 failed the whole course, 3 failed one phase only and 3 qualified.

    RNZAOC Supply Managers Course 11.34. Robert McKie Collection

    8-10 October 1985

    Course 11.37A Defence Supply System Retail Officer Familiarisation was attended by eight RNZAOC Officers.

    9-13 October 1985

    Capt John Green attended Exercise Hunua Pass

    14 October 1985

    Sgt Bob Hodqetts attended a Terminal Users Course held at EDP, Porirua.

    15 October 1985

    Course 11.38 Junior Supplier marched in. Duration 15 Oct 85 – 5 Dec 85. 16 students.

    15-17 October 1985

    An RNZAOC Warrant Officer Seminar was held at the school. This was attended by 22 Warrant Officers.

    RNZAOC Warrant Officer Seminar 1985. Robert McKie Collection

    21-25 October 1985

    Auto Parts Coaching Stages One and Two was conducted at the School using Petone Technical Institute and Army lectures. Attendance: Stage One (6) and Stage Two (1)

    Auto Parts Coaching Stages One and Two. Robert McKie Collection

    21 October 1985

    SSgt Ron Armstrong was awarded the Long Service and Good Conduct Medal.

    23 October 1985

    The Petroleum Operator Phase One Course returned from the Field Phase at Helwan, Waiouru.

    25 October 1985

    Course 11.34A Petroleum Operators Phase One marched out. Ten completed and qualified on the. course. Pte Kereama, a Territorial Force soldier, took his discharge from the Special Service List and did not complete the course.

    RNZAOC Petroleum Operators Phase One 11.34A. Robert McKie Collection

    November 1985

    RNZAOC School Staff, November 1985. Robert McKie Collection

    4-8 November 1985

    Course 11.43 RNZAOC RF OR Auto Parts Stage One was attended by 4 Automotive Parts Apprentices.

    Course 11.43 RNZAOC RF OR Auto Parts Stage One. Robert McKie Collection

    4-15 November 1985

    Lc pl Brian Marsh attended an M113/ Scorpion tank drivers course held at the School of Armour at Waiouru.

    4-22 November 1985

    Course 11.40 RNZAOC Officer/SNCO Management was attended by 12 students. This included the following Mutual Aid Programme (MAP) students – Sgt Aba Latid Biu Kadir (Malaysia), CWO R. Monokakalu (Papua New Guinea), Lt A.B. Halim Bin Muhamad (Malaysia) and Lt Ibrahim Bin Osman (Malaysia).

    RNZAOC Officer/SNCO Management Course 11.40. Robert McKie Collection

    6 November 1985

    The Army Dress Committee endorsed wearing an Armlet by RNZAOC School instructors.

    11 November 1985

    SSgt Wayne Bray departed for Tonga. Wayne’s expertise was required for the demolition of ammunition in support of the Tongan Army Annual Camp.

    22 November 1985

    Cpl Bruce Cole. was · discharged from the Army. Bruce departed from the ammunition world to take up employment as a building inspector with the Wellington City Council.

    27-29 November 1985

    Course 11.42A RNZAOC Young Officers EDP utilities was attended by 8 RNZAOC Young Officers. WO2 McCulloch RNZAC, the Admin WO from 1 Base Supply Battalion also attended.

    29 November 1985

    LCpl Paul Gleeson was posted as an instructor to the Ammunition Wing of the school. Paul was sent on a Tour of Duty to Kauri Point.

    2-5 December 1985

    W02 Frank Ryan visited all RNZAOC DSSR Computer terminals around New Zealand to photograph the layouts.

    5 December 1985

    Course 11.38 RNZAOC RF OR Junior Supplier marched out. 15 of the 16 students who completed the course qualified. Cpl Y.K. Singh (Fiji), a Mutual Aid Programme (MAP) student, attended and qualified.

    RNZAOC RF OR Junior Supplier Course 11.38. Robert McKie Collection

    7 December 1985

    SSgt Wayne Bray arrived from Tonga on completion of MAP assistance to the Tongan Army.

    9 December 1985

    LCpl Paul Gleeson arrived to take up his appointment as Assistant Instructor, Ammunition Wing.

    SSgt John Jones arrived on posting from 5 Composite Supply Company, Linton Camp.

    9-13 December 1985

    Course 11 43A DSSR Conversion was attended by 8 students (6 military and 2 Civilian).

    11 December 1985

    Maj Bolton commenced Long Service Leave, and Capt Green became Acting Chief Instructor until 27 Jan 86.

    10-12 December 1985

    Course 11.44 Civilian Storekeepers was attended by 10 civilians.

    13 December 1985

    The School closed down for the year.

    14 December 1985

    SSgt Neville Lush and family departed for Singapore on Posting.

    16 December 1985

    SSgt Steve Driver was posted to 5 Composite Supply Company.


    2 Supply Company – Unit History 1977-1983

    Units of the New Zealand Army must maintain a diary in which all matters connected with the unit are concisely but clearly recorded. Using Army Form New Zealand 144 (AFNZ 144), a unit provides a daily account of the unit’s activities, with entries providing the location and a brief description of the key events. Entries can be listed merely as” Ordinary Routine”, with others providing a more detailed account of the unit’s activities.

    The following transcripts of 2 Supply Companys have been copied from the original typed and handwritten AFNZ144 sheets. Much of the original wording has been retained, but most abbreviated words and phrases have been included in full to improve readability. Some additional information from the 1979 and 1982 Paraka Newsletter related to 2 Supply Company has also been included.

    1977

    1 February 1977

    Acting upon a directive from Army General Staff, 2 Central Ordnance Depot’s Unit History Sheet was initiated, and below gives an outline of 2 Central Ordnance Depot’s history to date.

    Palmerston North has had a 26 Year association with 2 Central Ordnance Depot. This association began with the setting up of No 2 Ordnance Sub-Dept, in the Palmerston North Showgrounds in 1941. The No 2 Ordnance Sub-Depot continued to operate until 31 Jan 1945. At which point it was destroyed by fire.

    In early 1946 the Depot was moved out to Linton Camp, and in 1948 was renamed Central District Ordnance Depot.

    1959 signified the beginning of 2 Central Ordnance Depot, as it is known today, with the construction of a vehicle sub- depot. The re-building was continued, and in 1963 a new clothing store was completed, on the site that is now the main store.

    2 Construction Squadron commenced work on 2 Central Ordnance Depot’s new stores building in 1969. It was originally planned to measure 45000 square feet; however, this was eventually reduced to the present 25000 square feet. The new building was designed to be an extension of the store built in 1963.

    On 7 Nov 1972, 2 Central Ordnance Depot’s new store’s building was completed. At a cost of $143,000 and 43298 man-hours, and 2 Central Ordnance Depot took on its present shape.

    15 April 1977

    1430 -The depot began Exercise Makomako. Twenty-three personnel moved, by convoy, to the exercise area, the Makomako ammunition area.

    1515 – Tentage (11 x 11), was erected around the cookhouse. The weather had taken a turn for the worse and by 1815 everyone was wet and cold. Dinner was served, cooked by one of 2CODs civilian staff Mr “Charles” Jones (Ex Chef).

    16 April 1977

    0600 – Reveille, breakfast and clean up

    0830 – The group was divided into two sections. Each section was then given as sketch map with four rendezvous marked. Aim: To reach each rendezvous and complete the task assigned to the rendezvous. Both sections achieved the aim.

    1600 – Debrief

    17 April 1977

    0700 – Reveille, breakfast, broke camp and returned to Linton by 1130hrs

    1978

    12 July 1978

    The highlight of July was RNZAOC Corps Day. It started ln the usual manner with Coffee Royale. Then it was back to work for the rest of the morning.

    The afternoon began with the annual Necker Trophy (Senior V Junior Volleyball). It was won by the Seniors, three games to nil, (there’s still life in the old timers). For the remainder of the afternoon a debrief on the game was held.

    A formal dinner was held in the 600 Man Mess that night and a good time was had by all.

    27 July 1978

    On the 27 July 1978 the account was handed over from Lt Knutson (W ) to Lt D’Ath (W ).

    28 July 1978

    2 COD have adopted an ex-RAOC Officer who served in both wars and now resides at an old folks home in Fielding. This gentleman, Capt H.J Harris, celebrated his 84th Birthday on this date. To mark the occasion the Depot Sergeant Major (WO1 B.J Quinn) travelled to Feilding, wished the old soldier “Happy Birthday” from 2COD and gave him a birthday cake that WO1 Quinn’s wife had made. Suffice to say the old boy was delighted, as were the staff of the old folks home.

    15-17 August 1978

    The WO1s attended the second Corp Warrant Officers Seminar at Trentham (the last one was held in 1073), and a Formal Dinner was held on the 16 Aug. The Seminar itself was very informative with all WO1s being brought up to date on the problems and changes which are happening within the Corps.

    22-24 August 1978

    The Inter-Corp Rugby Tournament was held at Linton, with four members from the unit included in the Ordnance team. The Director of Ordnance Services visited the Depot on the 23-24 an gave his moral support to the Rugby Team. The Ordnance team did very well been narrowly beaten in the Semi Final by 10-9 against the Engineers.

    31 August 1978

    The Depot was visited by 40 children (ages ranginfn5-12) from the Masterton YMCA.

    6 September 1978

    DADOS FF Command and Unit Q Officers held a conference with 2 COD staff to allocate items in short supply during the Annual Camp of units.

    8 September 1978

    A class of twelve Massey University Students of a Strategy and Warfare Class visited for a discussion on Logistics.

    19 September 1978

    Major Quested spent the day in 2 COD on a familiarisation tour.

    28 September 1978

    All military personnel had a grouping practice on Sappers Line Range prior to Annual Battle Shoot, which is to be held next month.

    29 September 1978

    Five personnel posted into the unit to increase establishment for its new role next month.

    4-5 October 1978

    All military personnel of the Depot took part in the Annual Range Classification Shoot at Putiki Range Wanganui

    11-14 October

    Two members of the Depot (Sgt B.C Smith and WO1 D.J Keen) participated in the first regional Bowls Tournament at Burnham. Both players for the Central Region which won the Hamilton Shield, and also the North Versus South which was also won by the North. SSgt Smith also played against the Canterbury election which was lost 11/2 points to 21/2 points.

    16 October 1978

    The Depot had a change of role and has been renamed 2 Supply Company. The new role involves a Static Depot with a Tech Stores Section, a Gen Stores Section and a Bath Section, which is known as 22 OFP, which is the Field Force part of the Company. Approximately 2500 cards were raised for initial scaling of these sections. Quantity 25 receipts have been received at this time.

    30 October 1978

    Brig R.W Morris, Director of Supply Australia visited the Company.

    6- 8 November 1978

    Major K.A Watson, WO1 R.A Bird and Mr D Walker attended Support Finance Conference at Fort Dorset to finalise Financial Allocations for 1978/79.

    9-29 November 1978

    Capt D.A D’Ath attended the Foodstuffs and POL Course at RAAOC Centre, Bandiana, Australia. The Course was to assist in the rationalisation and re-organisation.

    14-16 November 1978

    WO1 E.A Bird was present at the Supply Depot Commanders Conference held at Trentham. At the Conference the proposed transfer of the Supply Role from RNZASC to RNZAOC was discussed.

    12-14 December 1978

    Major K.A Watson attended the Senior Officers Corps Conferenced at Burnham. During the conference the first RNZAOC Association Meeting was held, and disposal of Corps Funds discussed.

    22 December 1978

    2 Supply Company closed down for the Christmas Breaks with only a Skelton staffing on call until 3 January 1979.

    1979

    15 January 1979

    2 Supply Company staff commenced preparations for Annual Camp Issues of Camp Equipment. A Mobile Ordnance team was activated to assist 2 Fd Hosp, 7 WnHb and 5 WWCT’s Annual Camp. This team was organised and run by WO1 J.A Sayers. SSgt Hawthorn assisted in the tailoring requirements for the issue of Dacrons to personnel of 7 RNZIR at their Camp.

    1 February 1979

    Captain M Telfer (TF) was posted from 2 Fd Wksp Stores Sect to 22 OFP as Officer Commanding.

    22 OFP consists of:

    1. The Headquarters – accommodation Capt Max Telfer (TF) the OC, Sgt Bob Hodgetts the Admin Sgt/Park Quartermaster Sergeant/Recruiting NCO/TF Administrator of Part Time Soldiers, and 2Lt Lindstrom, when he arrives from OCTU to take up the appointments of SCO/Trg Officer.
    2. PC & A – manages and controlled by SSgt K/J Moore (Manager Stock Control) and his work force. K.J is currently the leader of 22 OFP pack
    3. Gen and Bath Section – according to the establishment this section will be manned by part time soldiers (TF).
    4. Tech Stores Section – is commanded by Sgt (Peewee) Haerewa and a faction of young up and coming soldiers who will assist in the smooth operation of the OFP ‘Pataka’.

    7 February 1979

    Recruiting for 22 OFP commenced

    22 February 1979

    Wing Commander J Penny visited 2 Sup Coy as part of his programme to see all Supply Companies. He briefed unit personnel on the purification programme on System S7 and the enhancement to the existing system.

    23-25 March 1979

    22 OFP held their first Training Weekend as a Unit. Unfortunately, due to adverse conditions they were unable to hold the weekend as planned in Makomako. Instead, personnel used the time to update their bookwork.

    30 Mar 1979

    OC and SCO attended the Commanders Conference chaired by Col D.R Kenning Commander 2 TFR. This was the first to be held by 2 TFR since the Army Re-organisation took place.

    2-4 April 1979

    A Regional Seminar on Stores Accounting was held at SME Linton. The Seminar was run by the Q Wing of School of Army Administration and was attended by all. Regional Q Reps. Capt D.A D’Ath, WO1 Sayers and.WO2 Lyle were 2 Sup Coy Reps.

    6-8 April 1979

    22 OFF held a Field. ·Training Weekend for RF and TF personnel at Makomako.

    16-19 April 1979

    The RNZAOC Senior Officers Conference was held at Trentham and OC 2 Sup Coy attended.

    18 April

    All SNCOs attended a Formal Dinner at Trentham in honour of Lt Col A.J. Campbell on his retirement from RF.

    19-20 April 1979

    An Accounting Officers Conference was held at RNZAOC School to coincide with DOS Formal Dinner. The Dinner was to farewell Lt Col A.J. Campbell from the Regular Force. Capt D’Ath attended.

    20-22 April 1979

    22 OFP carried out training on Infantry Minor Tactics for both RF and TF Personnel at Makomako.

    12 May 1979

    RNZAOC assumed responsibility of providing POL and Rations to the Army. Those RNZASC personnel wishing to change their Corps to RNZAOC did so and were presented with Corps Belts and Hat Badges by the OC. The Following are those who changed

    • WO1 R.A Bird
    • Sgt Y.F Tasker
    • Cpl I.T Bovey
    • Pte H.A Clifton
    • Pte G.J Hassan
    • Pte E.D Russell

    14 May 1979

    CATO Major B Squires visited 2 Sup Coy to inspect, discuss location and view in operating the new Link Belt machine.

    24 May 1979

    Capt P.M. Cunninghame attended the DOS Mini Conference in Auckland. This was the first to be held at HQ NZLF

    29 May 1979

    A Support Finance Procedures Conference was held at 2 Sup Coy. All Regional QMs and RQMSs attended, and the meeting was chaired by May Stevenson from NZLF.

    3-4 July 1979

    OC and SCO attended a Logistic/Works Conference held by NZLF at Papakura Camp. The two day Conference covered most aspects of Logistics such as Finance, MD 6s etc

    14-15 July 1979

    22 OFP held a Training Weekend for TD Personnel. At this weekend lectures on Ordnance Procedure were held on Saturday with an introduction to Truck Driving and Maintenance on the Sunday.

    18 July 1979

    SCO & T, RNZAOC Directorate visited 2 Sup Coy to look at various areas of training withing the Company.

    23-24 July 1979

    The Director of Ordnance Services, Lt Col P.M Reid visited 2 Sup Coy on a Staff Liaison visit. While at Linton he visited the other Ordnance establishments.

    27 July 1979

    Sgt R.J Eden was released from the Regular Force.

    30 July 1979

    WO2 D.L Lyle was posted to 4 Sup Coy, Waiouru and tool up the appointment of SWO.

    30 July 1979

    SSgt P.F Neilson was posted to 2 Sup Coy as MSC and promoted to WO2.

    6 August 1979

    Capt P.W Cunninghame set sail for Great Britain to commence a four month tour on Exercise Long Look. It is intended that he be stationed at a vehicle depot during his stay.

    6 August 1979

    Capt D.A D’Ath attended Grade 3 Staff and Tactics Course

    17 August 1979

    WO2 J.A Sayers relinquished his position as SWO and departed on a two year tour of Singapore at NZAOD.

    25 August 1979

    WO2 B.T Thompson, after completing two years in Singapore, takes up the position of WO Vehicles.

    21-24 September 1979

    Inter-Corps Rugby was staged in Linton Camp between RNZCT, RNZE, RNZEME and RNZAOC.

    28 September 1979

    SSgt P.C Dellabarca was released from Regular Force.

    11 October 1979

    A Chief Clerks Seminar was held in Linton Camp and Sgt J.V. Takuta was 2 Sup Coy’s representative. The presentations were on Clerking and Man-Management, and Clerical Workmanship.

    23 October 1979

    Maj K.A. Watson held an OC’s Hour for 2 Sup Coy Military and Civilian staff. At this meeting the OC reported on coming events such as Ex Tripwire, Annual Camp and Ex Truppenamt.

    24-25 October 1979

    SSgt R.N. Turner attended the AT/ATOs Conference at Burnham. Items discussed were EOD Matters, Ammo Storage problems, and General Matters.

    25-28 October 1979

    Maj K.A. Watson and Sgt J. V. Takuta manned the CRAOC Cell for Higher Control on Ex Tripwire. Capt D.A. D’Ath attended on the 2 TFR staff. The CPX was to be a rehearsal for Truppenamt next year.

    7-8 November 1979

    WOI B. J. Quinn attended RNZAOC Conductors Seminar at Trentham.

    7-9 November 1979

    OC attended Senior Officers Conference at Trentham.

    12 November 1979

    2 TFR Command Inspection Team headed by Lt Col B. Sinclair carried out an inspection of the Company.

    1-2 December 1979

    22 OFP Weekend Camp at Makomako which consisted of Inf Minor Tact. Lt Col Fodson visited the training weekend.

    10 December 1979

    Captain Gush posted in from 1 Base Sup Bn.

    12 December 1979

    Pte’s Brooks and Smith promoted to T/LCpl

    14 December 1979

    Sgt McKay posted in from 1 Sup Coy. Mr D Martin retired.

    17 December 1979

    Captain D’Ath posted to 2 TFR

    18 December 1979

    Captain D’Ath marched in as Acting Officer Commanding (Major Watson on Leave).

    Captain Cunninghame returned from “Ex Long Look”

    19 December 1979

    Pte Leatherby posted in from RF Cadet School.

    Unit issued vehicles and stores for Annual Camps assisted by 4 Sup Coy

    24 December 1979

    Unit closed down for Christmas

    Mr T Gray passed away.

    1980

    1 January 1980

    Unit Reopened

    2 January 1980

    Issued vehicles for Truppenamt II.

    Preparation of Main Store for Truppenamt II.

    Receipt of vehicles and stores from Anula Camps and checking for re-issue for Truppenamt II.

    12 January 1980

    First Annual Camp for 22 OFP (combined with 1 Sup Coy)

    16 January 1980

    Major Watson returned from leave – Captain D’Ath marched out to 2TFR

    22 January 1980

    Major Hopkins posted in (from HQ NZLF) to become Officer Commanding on Major Watson’s retirement.

    25 January 1980

    22 OFP returned from Annual Camp.

    30 January 1980

    Lt Col Reid arrived at the unit for Major Watson’s farewell.

    31 January 1980

    Major Watson retired.

    Major Hopkins took over as Officer Commanding of 2 Supply Company.

    7 February 1980

    OC returned to Takapuna for household removal.

    8 February 1980

    Half of Main Storehouse cleared for Truppenamt II.

    8-9 February 1980

    2IC, SWO and SSgt Smith on call for Issued to Truppenamt II.

    12 February

    OC moved into army house, Linton.

    14 February 1980

    22 OFP March Out to Truppenamt II.

    15 February 1980

    LCpl Bird posted to Ngāruawāhia.

    16 – 17 February 1980

    2IC, SWO and SSgt Smith on call for Issued to Truppenamt II.

    18 February 1980

    100% Stocktake started on Bulk A/C

    23 February 1980

    Hand back of stores Ex Truppenamt II started.

    23 -24 February 1980

    Working weekend for all military and limited civilians – receipts from Truppenamt II.

    24 February 1980

    22 OFP March in Ex Truppenamt II.

    Annual Camp Ex Tasman – Ex Solomon Issues being made.

    29 February 1980

    100% Stocktake completed in storehouses.

    3 March 1980

    Pte’s Coley, Wiggins and Geary Marched in Ex AMO Cse at Wigram.

    4 – 5 March 1980

    7 March 1980

    Capt Harris RAOC (Rtd) died in Feilding – WO1 Quinn attended the funeral service.

    WO2 Neilson on Compassionate leave.

    19 March 1980

    Advance Party departed Linton for Annual Shoot at Landguard Bluff.

    20 March 1980

    Main Party departed Linton for Annual Shoot at Landguard Bluff.

    21 – 22 March 1980

    TF element of the unit arrived at Linton for Annual Shoot at Landguard Bluff.

    23 March 1980

    Annual Range Shot completed – RF/TF dispersed

    28 February 1980

    Freedom of Palmerston North Parade held.

    Sgt G Fowler posted to Sylvia Park.

    11 April 1980

    2000hrs Capt Gush called out by Ord Duties – Supplies for Fiji

    13 April 1980

    Major Hopkins plus 6 pers issued tentage to Ohakea for Fiji

    14 April 1980

    6 Pers delivered and loaded aircraft for Fiji

    14 – 22 April 1980

    Investigation by Capt Williams on Social Club

    14 – 18 April 1980

    OC on CGS Study Week

    20 April 1980

    WO1s Quinn/Bird on RNZAOC Conference in Ngāruawāhia.

    22 – 24 April 1980

    OC on RNZAOC Senior Officer Conference.

    23 April 1980

    WO1s returned from RNZAOC WO’s Conference.

    24 April 1980

    Capt Bostock visited re AIU Account Audit

    28 April 1980

    OC Returned from RNZAOC Senior Officer Conference.

    Establishment Team comprising Major Golightly and Lt Col Dixon Arrived. (Departed 30 Apr)

    10-11 May 1980

    4 x TF Pers March In to attend Ex Tropic Dawn

    Court of Inquiry commence re Social Club Activities

    12 May 1980

    14 Junior Ranks Marched into 2 TFR for Ex Tropic Dawn

    14 May 1980

    14 Junior Ranks completed

    16 May 1980

    Capt Cunninghame farewelled from the unit on posting to Waiouru

    17 -18 May 1980

    OC attending POSB at Waiouru

    19 May 1980

    Cpl (W ) Wetere reported to the unit on posting

    Visit by ALWO

    28 May 1980

    Visit by DOS

    ORs March In Ex Tropic Dawn – Proceeding on Standdown.

    5 June 1980

    Unit First Aid/Fire/MHE course started

    13 -15 June 1980

    OC and 2IC attended 2 TFR Tac Study WE

    15 June 1980

    Unit First Aid/Fire/MHE course completed

    19 June 1980

    Unit First Aid/Fire/MHE course started

    29 June 1980

    Unit First Aid/Fire/MHE course completed

    8 July 1980

    OC visit to 1 Base Sup Bn re Corps Day

    10 July 1980

    SCO on PA Leave

    11 July 1980

    2Lt David Palmer March in and assumes the appointment of 2IC 22 OFP and Trg Officer.

    12 July 1980

    RNZAOC Corps Day celebrations – unit parades with Base Sup Bn Trentham, returns for Linton for unit dine and dance.

    14 -15 July 1980

    CATO visit to Makomako

    16 July 1980

    Unit pers visit to SME for demonstrations.

    17 July 1980

    Three unit pers selected for Corps Rugby Squad.

    18 July 1980

    OC proceeding on PA Leave pm today and Stock Control Officer acting OC whilst OC on leave. SCO returned from PA Leave today.

    22 July 1980

    Camp held a Beating of the Retreat parade.

    5 August 1980

    Pers from Unit attended funeral servicers for the late Sgt Morgan RNZE.

    Unit notified of fatal accident concerning LCpl Armstrong (TF).

    7 August 1980

    Visit by DOS – Linton/Palmerston North RNZOC All Ranks formal dinner.

    Pers from unit attended funeral services for the late LCpl Armstrong.

    11 August 1980

    2IC attended conference at HQ 2 TF – Log study weekend

    OC returned from Annual Leave

    12 August 1980

    2IC attended finance conference at HQ 2 TFR

    16-17 August 1980

    Unit CPX training weekend RF/TF Officers and Snr NCOs.

    20 August 1980

    OC and MSC visit to EDP.

    26 August 1980

    C&WS Team visit to Unit.

    1 September 1980

    OC and MSC attended one day ILMS Conference at HQLF.

    2 September 1980

    Def Auditor arrived to carry out Coy audit.

    13-14 September 1980

    2Lt Palmer attended trg w/e Nga

    19-21 September 1980

    RNZAOC – RNZCT – RNZE – RNZEME – Corps Rugby started and completed with a win to RNZCT.

    23 September 1980

    Debrief of audit with OC, 2IC and MC Horne.

    26 September 1980

    Cpl (w ) Wetere on leave and discharged.

    26 September 1980

    Band 2 Cse ended as a result 7 passed – 1 required retesting.

    29-30 September 1980

    Unit party attended funeral of WO1 (Retd) B.I Moore at Gisborne.

    4-5 October 1980

    TF Driver Training Weekend

    13 October 1980

    OC attended ABCA presentation at ATG

    14 October 1980

    OC attended Real Admin Conference ATG

    20 October 1980

    Colonel Kenning presented Lt Guilford Badges of rank on unit parade

    21 October 1980

    SCO and WO1 Bird to Fort Dorset for finance conference

    OC commenced SNCO interviews

    28 October 1980

    OC to Trentham for Senior Officer Conference RNZAOC

    28-30 October 1980

    Unit Rep to Base Sup Bn – Checking outstanding clothing demands.

    30 October 1980

    Visit by incoming DRC and Regional Secretary.

    31 October 1980

    Unit members to Waiouru for Round the Mountain Run.

    19 November 1980

    Issues of loans to units – for Annual Camp.

    27-29 November 1980

    Annual Range Shoot.

    1 December 1980

    WO2 Neilson arrived for handover of MSC duties from WO2 Moore.

    Stocktake of Tech Sect and verification of Part Nos began prior to going on S7.

    4 December 1980

    WO2 Neilson gave ILMS presentation to PC&A staff.

    Authority received to raise new Laon A/C.

    5 December 1980

    Handover of MSC finalised.

    8 December 1980

    OC, MSC and Supply Pl Cmdr attended 2 TFR Trg Conf at Linton.

    11 December

    Sgt Jones Marched in Ex Singapore.

    16 December 1980

    2Lt Palmer farewelled from unit and was received on behalf of the RNZAC by Lt Col McComish(DRC)

    17 December 1980

    Unit children’s Christmas party

    Returns of Annual Camp being received from 5WWCT, 2 Fd Wksp, 5 Spt Sqn

    19 December 1980

    Most units within Camp closed down – 2 Sup Coy interior economy.

    22 December 1980

    Exterior economy for all staff.

    23 December 1980

    WO1 E Ray retired.

    23 December 1980

    Unit closed down for Christmas 12.0 hours.

    1981

    5 January 1981

    Company returned after Christmas break – Annual Camp Issues commenced.

    9 January 1981

    OC on leave until 15 Jan.

    4 x LIP Pers employed.

    12 January 1981

    2 x LIP Pers started employment.

    14 January 1981

    1 x LIP Pers started employment.

    15 January 1981

    OC returned from leave.

    16 January 1981

    Visit and presentation by Maj Maitland, Sgt Ryan and Sgt Johnson, Comd 2TFR, OC and Snr NCO attended presentation on new warehouse.

    WO1 Quinn on leave.

    20 January 1981

    Visit by Maj Hicks and WO1 Orr – Apprentices.

    OC, MSC and Sup Pl rep attended Real Admin Conference for Triad at Waiouru.

    21 January 1981

    OC attended DCM until 23 Jan.

    23 January 1981

    OC returned form DCM

    2 X LIP pers resigned.

    26 January 1981

    1 x LIP Pers Commenced work – 1 x LIP Pers resigned.

    27 January 1981

    1 x LIP Pers commenced work.

    28 January 1981

    Visit by Cols Kenning and Andrews to Coy – Barrack Guard of Honour carried out by Unit Reps.

    2 February 1981

    LCpl Boustridge Marched In ex 4 Sup Coy.

    6 February 1981

    5 WWCT Commenced hand back of Annual Camp Stores.

    7 February 1981

    2 Tpt Regt Commenced hand back of Annual Camp Stores.

    Pte (w ) Watts admitted to Palmerston North Hospital.

    12 February 1981

    Three staff members to RNZAOC School attending Field Phase.

    13 February 1981

    Advance Party departed for Ex Triad.

    14 February 1981

    Main Body departed for Ex Triad.

    Pte (w ) Watts discharged from Hospital – on sick leave.

    18 February 1981

    SSgt Holley awarded NZ Badge holder for Softball.

    24 February

    7WNHB commenced hand back of Annual Camp Stores.

    28 February 1981

    Issues to Janal Ulu contingent.

    5 March 1981

    SSgt Joyce March Out to RNZAOC School to attend Band 5 Course.

    6-31 March 1981

    Clearing Annual Camp loan stores.

    1 April 1981

    SSgt Joyce returned ex Band 5 Cse (passed).

    3 April 1981

    2 x Mini Project pers resigned.

    7 April 1981

    OC Conference.

    10 April 1981

    Last 2 Mini project pers resigned (Time Up).

    14 April 1981

    OC Conference.

    15 April 1981

    Mrs Tolson resigned and returned to Auckland.

    21 April 1981

    OC Conference.

    22 April 1981

    LCpl Hassan promoted to T/LCpl.

    Cpls Thorby, Hill, Clifton, Reddish, Kennedy and Rolston attempted band 4.

    24 April 1981

    Contractors arrived to upgrade PC&A building.

    Log Conf with AQM to discuss unit finance.

    25 April 1981

    Unit paraded with Pahiatua RSA for ANZAC Day dawn parade.

    28 April 1981

    OC Conference.

    29 April 1981

    OC to CCS Study W/E, then to Senior Officer RNZAOC.

    2IC assumes appointment of OC.

    4 May 1981

    OC returns from Corp Conf and resumes command

    7 May 1981

    Ptes Leatherby, Makutu, Coley, Watts, Hooper and LCpl Rolston attend First Aid Course at Burnham

    16 May 1981

    LCpl Thorby married to LCpl Geary.

    18 May 1981

    Pte’s Coley and Watts returned from course. Ptes Leatherby and Makutu on PAL.

    20 May 1981

    Sgt Roche Marched into unit ex Singapore.

    25 May 1981

    Miss K Tuhua employed as Ledger Clerk.

    27 May 1981

    Visit by Brig Hamilton – Col Andrews.

    28 May 1981

    Visit by DOS and DDOS.

    10 June 1981

    OC on course at RNZAOC School.

    22 June 1981

    Camp Census on Welfare subject taken today.

    Promotion of Sgt Haerewa to T/SSgt.

    23 June 1981

    Issues commence for Tropic Dawn.

    24 June 1981

    SO2/SO3 Log visited unit to discuss Loans and PSI.

    26 June 1981

    Mrs E Houlton (Provision) resigned

    Sgt Jones (Provision) posted to 2TFR as ACCTG ALWO.

    Camp visit by Brig Hamilton DGPL – Discussion with Offrs rans SNCO- evening meal with Offrs

    29 June 1981

    WO1(Cdr) Quinn TOD to Waiouru for Exercise Captive Lightning.

    1982

    Headquarters

    • OC                                          Major Hopkins
    • Trg/Admin Officer            Lt Guildford
    • SWO                                      WO1 Keen
    • CSM                                       WO2 Joyce
    • Chief Clerk                          Sgt Takuta
    • Juniors                                  LCpl Hiroti &  Pte (w ) Dutch

    PC&A

    • WO2 K.J Moore
    • SSgt P.R Haerewa
    • Cpl M.C Thorby
    • Cpl B.P Boyes
    • LCpl D.M Thorby
    • LCpl L.E Coley
    • LCpl R.E Rolston
    • Pte A.C Leatherby
    • Pte G Makutu

    Warehouse

    • WO2 Barry Taylor

    Issues

    • Cpl Hill
    • LCpl Herewini
    • Pte Wishart
    • Pte Nigel Sims
    • Pte A.J Newell
    • Mr Les Hewitt
    • Miss Janine Waniuk

    Receipts

    • Mr Alistair Toogood
    • Mrs Isobel Cockburn

    Camp Equipment/RSDG

    • SSgt John Holley
    • Pte Shane Bray
    • Mr Bernard Summers
    • Mr John Sapwell
    • Mr Bill Hamiln

    TRS

    • SSgt Hewitt
    • Pte Wiltshire
    • Pte Cooper
    • Spr Ken Marshall

    DSS

    • Sgt Chris Hill
    • Mr Gerry Grieve

    Tailor shop

    • SSgt Arthur Hawthorn
    • Mrs Joy Lynn

    Vehicle Group

    • WO2 Robbie Turner
    • Sgt McKay
    • Cpl Paul Reddish
    • Pte Rei Watt
    • Mr Dave Hardway

    24 Supply Platoon

    • SSgt Bill Donohugh
    • SSgt Vonnie Tasker
    • Sgt Mick Kennedy
    • LCpl Peter Thompson
    • LCpl Rodger Tombleson
    • LCpl Robyn Hooper
    • LCpl Ross Fearon

    5 January 1982

    Started work for year

    6-10 January 1982

    Preparing issues for Annual Camp.

    11 January 1982

    Band 3 Cse commenced.

    Letter received from Crippled Children Society thanking us for donating $406 to adopt a child project.

    14 January 1982

    New DRC Lt Col D.G Flux in Camp.

    20 January 1982

    First Camp Parade for year.

    26 January 1982

    Pte Bray March into unit Ex WTD.

    WO1 D.J Keen USO Cse Int Centre Papakura

    Sgt P.J Roche Cse UN Ammo MKG at RNZAOC Sch Trentham.

    18-19 January 1982

    Recce Lt Guildford/WO2 Turner Cape Palliser Area for unt exercise.

    3 February 1982

    TF move in for Annual Camp.

    8 February 1982

    Unit Photograph taken.

    Commander 2 TFR Visit – Annual Camp.

    10 February 1982

    Visit to unit by Brig A.T Mortiboy MBE EC (TF Advisor).

    15 February 1982

    Visit to unit by Maj Gen Williams.

    19 February 1982

    Unit Barbeque RF/TF.

    20 February 1982

    Unit Clean up Annual Camp.

    24 February 1982

    Visit by VDU pers from EDP.

    25 February 1982

    Visit by WO1 C.W Roulston, SSgt L Allen RAAOC.

    10 March 1982

    Band 3 Cse finished, all passed (7): Newell, Wilson, Makutu, Leatherby, Hooper, Thompson, Tombleson.

    16 March 1982

    RFL for unit pers

    26 March 1982

    Promotion Sgt Hill, Sgt Kennedy, LCpl Leatherby.

    30 March 1982

    Lt Col Vickers visit Makomako Area.

    21 April 1982

    LS&GC Parade (Camp).

    Unit Sports – soccer.

    OC to Corps Conference.

    23 April 1982

    Recce Wo2 Joyce, Sgt Eden, Sgt Hodgetts – Pohangina Valley.

    25 April 1982

    Unit Parade for ANZAC Day – Foxton.

    6 May 1982

    Lecture on new purchasing procedures.

    14 May 1982

    LCpl Rolston promoted T/Cpl.

    15-16 May 1982

    Unit Exercise Ruahine Ranges.

    31 May 1982

    Visit by CATO to Makomako.

    June 1982

    Audit of Bulk Account.

    Visit by Command Secretary.

    Log Seminar attended by Unit Reps.

    Visit by DRC to Warehouse.

    WO2 Moore posted OLOW 1 TFR.

    Lt Guildford attended RNZCT exercise in Fiji as Admin Officer

    1 July 1982

    Pte Gleeson posted to 2 Sup Coy from WTD Basic Training.

    19 July 1982

    Recce Ruahine Ranges, OC, CSM for unit exercise.

    2 Sup Coy UPF Subs, fixed at $3 per quarter.

    23 July 1982

    DRC visit.

    30 July 1982

    NZ P108 Tentage Handbook was despatched to all units.

    5-6 August 1982

    Unit Exercise Ruahine Ranges OC, CSM & 6 others.

    10 August 1982

    2 Supply Barrack Guard for CGS.

    11 August 1982

    2 Supply Barrack Guard for CGS.

    12 August 1982

    Unit Regt Dinner – Guests Col Commandant, DRC, Camp Commandant, Camp RSM.

    14-15 August 1982

    Unit CPX W/E TF/RF Offrs/SNCOs.

    19 August 1982

    SSgt Hewitt RNZAOC reunion Rep at meeting in Trentham.

    WO2 Taylor/Sgt McAvinue recon Wanganui area for Unit exercise.

    20 August 1982

    SSgt Hawthorn posted R&D Defence HQ.

    15 September 1982

    Farwell to Cpl Finn from the Army

    17 September 1982

    OC visits Waiouru for a recce for A/Camp

    22-23 September 1982

    Unit supplies 4 pers for tree planting in Linton Camp.

    27-30 September 1982

    Ex Huia One, Range Shoot and Air drop.

    1-2 October 1982

    Ex Huia One, Range Shoot and Delivery Points.

    14 October 1982

    Participated in annual Charter Parade in Palmerston North.

    LCpl S Dutch admitted to Hospital (Palmerston North)

    16 October 1982

    14 members of the Company participated in the Round the Mountain relay race.

    27 October 1982

    2 pers attend Jnr Clerk AA Course.

    28 October 1982

    2 Sup Coy Pers start T82.

    9 November 1982

    Pte Wright posted into 2 Sup Coy

    18 November 1982

    RNZAOC Reunion meeting

    15-19 November 1982

    LCpl Herewini represented 2 Sup Coy in the North Island Southern Region Forklift Competition.

    19 November 1982

    OC and Sgt Jones attended the finance conference in Fort Dorset.

    20 November 1982

    Unit participation in the ceremony of the beating of the retreat.

    30 November 1982

    Provision personnel of 1 BSB at Trentham Camp visited the unit.

    1 December 1982

    34th TF Intake RNZAOC Corps Training was conducted at 4 Sup Coy

    7-9 December 1982

    Junior Supplier Competition wan by LCpl Leatherby.

    10 December 1982

    Unit Xmas close down function

    13 December 1982

    Interunit competition 1BSB/2 Sup Coy Akatarawa relay race.

    24 December 1982

    2 Sup Coy closed down for the year

    1983

    4 January 1983

    2 Sup Coy resumed normal operations after Xmas closedown.

    10 January 1983

    Capt Gush posted to 2 TFR, Lt Guildford now SCO.

    12 January 1983

    2 pers attended B5 Suppler Course.

    17 January 1983

    Pte Gleeson attended Ammunition Accounting Course.

    18 January 1983

    Sgt Takutu attending Civil Clerks course.

    Sgt (w ) Williscroft attending MSC phase of the Band Five Suppler Course.

    25 January 1983

    LCpl(w ) Hooper farewelled to 3 Sup Coy.

    7 February 1983

    Lt M.R Taylor posted to 2 Sup Coy as Training Officer.

    8 February 1983

    Cpl A Ferguson posted to 2 Sup Coy (Main Store),

    12-26 February 1983

    2 Sup Coy and 2 Fd Sup Coy participated in A/Camp 83, Waiouru

    14-18 February

    Maj N.A Hitchings TOD to NZLF.

    16-17 February 1983

    2 x 2 Sup Coy pers to 5 TML Sqn, Whenuapai.

    4 March 1983

    Farwell Major S.D Hopkins – outgoing OC 2 Sup Coy.

    7 March 1983

    Major S.D Hopkins/Major N.A Hitchings official handover date.

    6 April 1983

    Col Andrews, 2 TFR Commander to visit 2 Sup Coy.

    7-10 April 1983

    3 x 2 Sup Coy pers to Ex Jalan Ulu, LCpl T.R Hiroti, Pte S.K Bray, Pte N.B Sims.

    15 April 1983

    LCpl R.T Woon returned from Basic (TF to RF)

    13-15 April 1983

    Head of Corps conference attended by Major N.A Hitchings.

    18 April 1983

    Major S.D Hopkins released from NZ Army.

    18-22 April 1983

    SSgt Hewitt, Pte’s Wiltshire and Marshall, ex Royal Tent.

    25 April 1983

    ANZAC Day – 2 Supply Company participated on ANZAC Day parade at Foxton.

    Sgt B.I Evans posted in as Ammo Tech

    28 April 1983

    Major N.A Hitchings and Lt N.A Guildford visit RNZAOC Directorate.

    1 May 1983

    Sgt P/J Roche posted to s Sup Coy as CAT.


    New Zealand’s Flaming “A” Badge

    In the New Zealand Army realm, there exists a group of exceptional individuals known as Ammunition Technical Officers (ATOs) and Ammunition Technicians (ATs). These brave men and women have adored a distinctive emblem since 1971—the Flaming “A” Badge—a symbol that embodies their trade’s hazardous and highly skilled nature. But this badge represents far more than just a visual representation of their profession. It is a tribute, recognising their trade’s extensive and illustrious heritage.

    What began as the management of powder magazines in the 19th century has evolved into a responsibility encompassing the entire spectrum of ammunition and explosives available to the modern New Zealand Army. The AT trade has adapted and grown, keeping pace with the changing times and technologies. And since 1971, the Flaming “A” Badge has remained a constant, a badge of honour that signifies the dangerous nature of their work and the expertise required to execute it with precision.

    Beyond its symbolism, the Flaming “A” Badge is a profound acknowledgement to those who wear it—a testament to the long and proud whakapapa (genealogy) of their trade. It is a reminder of the individuals who came before them, laying the foundation and forging the path they now tread. Each wearer of the badge carries the weight of history, embodying the spirit and dedication that has defined the AT trade over the years.

    .

    During the early colonial period in New Zealand, importing ammunition and explosives from the United Kingdom and Australia was necessary. Powder magazines were established at Mount Cook in Wellington and Mount Albert in Auckland to store and distribute these essential supplies safely. The responsibility of handling and storing these stocks fell upon qualified individuals from the British Military Stores Department and Royal Artillery and Engineer officers.

    As the Imperial Forces gradually withdrew from New Zealand in 1870, the full responsibility for the country’s magazines and ammunition transferred to the Defence Stores Department. Subsequently, new facilities were constructed at Mount Eden in Auckland and Kaiwharawhara in Wellington, replacing the previous powder magazines at Mount Albert and Mount Cook. These new sites remained in use until the 1920s. Additionally, magazines were maintained by the Defence Stores Department in various provincial centres to support the dispersed Militia and Volunteer Forces.

    In 1884, the permanent Garrison Artillery was formed, and two experienced individuals, Frederick Silver and Robert George Vinning Parker, were transferred from the Royal Marine Artillery and Royal Garrison Artillery to serve as instructors. Their expertise proved invaluable in mounting New Zealand’s Garrison Artillery, as they compiled books and manuals and managed artillery ammunition stocks in collaboration with the Defence Storekeeper.

    Capitalizing on the government’s support, Major John Whitney established Whitney & Sons as an ammunition manufacturing company in Auckland. Later, with additional investors, the company evolved into the Colonial Ammunition Company (CAC) in 1888—the first ammunition manufacturer in New Zealand and Australasia. The CAC contracted with the New Zealand Government to produce Small Arms Ammunition (SAA). The agreement stipulated that the government supplied the powder while the CAC provided the components to manufacture complete cartridges. Each batch underwent government inspection and quality control checks before acceptance by the New Zealand Forces. The testing process involved firing a small percentage of the batch to determine its performance and whether it met the required standards.

    By 1890, the production of .577 Snyder Ball Ammunition was underway, and the initial batches underwent testing, inspection, and acceptance under the supervision of Major John Pirie of the New Zealand Militia. Major Pirie, a former Major in the Guernsey Militia, had immigrated to New Zealand and assumed the Auckland District Musketry Instructor role in 1881. He continued to inspect manufactured ammunition until July 1891 when Major Goring, Officer Commanding the Auckland District, took over the responsibility. Lieutenant J E Hume of the Permanent Militia assumed the ammunition examination duties from 1893 while concurrently handling other responsibilities.

    On 6 February 1898, a formal request was made to the United Kingdom to recruit a suitable Warrant Officer from the Royal Artillery to oversee the testing operations and supervise the manufacture of Small Arms Ammunition. Quartermaster Sergeant Instructor Arthur Duvall from the Artillery College in the Royal Garrison Artillery was selected as the Small Arms Testing Officer for the New Zealand Forces. Upon appointment, he was promoted to 3rd Class Master Gunner and engaged for three years at a rate of Nine Shillings per day, along with free quarters or a housing allowance of £50 per annum. Duvall arrived in New Zealand in July 1898 and began his work at the CAC premises in Mount Eden, Auckland. He extended his engagement every three years and completed twenty years of service with the British Army in 1911. Duvall then took his discharge in New Zealand, immediately enlisting in the New Permanent Staff as an Honorary Lieutenant on 26 April 1912, followed by a promotion to Honorary Captain on 1 April 1914.

    In 1902, Frederick Silver transitioned from the Artillery and took on the role of Assistant Defence Storekeeper. While fulfilling his duties in this position, Silver managed all Artillery stores and ammunition. After implementing the Defence Act 1909 and subsequent reorganization, Silver transferred from the Defence Stores to the office of the Director of Artillery. He was appointed Quartermaster (Honorary Lieutenant) as Artillery Stores Accountant, retaining his responsibilities overseeing Artillery stores and ammunition. Silver retired in June 1913, and Robert George Vinning Parker succeeded him as Artillery Stores Accountant after being promoted from Warrant Officer to Quartermaster (Honorary Lieutenant).

    Although the Colonial Ammunition Company (CAC) in Auckland provided self-sufficiency in Small Arms Ammunition (SAA) production, the same could not be said for artillery ammunition, which still had to be imported. Parker conducted a cost-benefit analysis and concluded that significant annual savings of £3,333 (2022 NZD$ 633,605) could be achieved by cleaning and refilling casings, inspecting and refurbishing propellant bags, and manufacturing new ones as needed. To realize these savings, Parker recommended the establishment of a specialized Royal New Zealand Artillery Ordnance Corps Section responsible for manufacturing and modifying ammunition. General Godley approved the proposal in mid-1914, and on 1 March 1915, under New Zealand Defence Forces General Order 90, the New Zealand Army Ordnance Section was authorized and established from 1 April 1915.

    On 31 May 1917, regulations were approved and published, constituting the New Zealand Army Ordnance Department (NZAOD) and New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps (NZAOC), with retroactive effect from 1 February 1917. This marked the end of the forty-eight-year service the Defence Stores Department provided. Administrative control of the New Zealand Artillery Ordnance Section was transferred to the NZAOC, and Parker was commissioned as Captain in the NZAOD, serving as the Inspector of Ordnance Machinery. However, Parker’s tenure in this position was brief, as he retired on 30 September 1919.

    On 10 January 1918, Arthur Duvall was transferred from the Permanent Staff to the NZAOD, assuming the role of Proof Officer SAA with the rank of Captain. The post of Proof Officer SAA would continue to be a continuous appointment in the New Zealand Army’s ammunition supply chain until 1968, when the CAC relocated its operations to Australia, concluding its longstanding association with the New Zealand Army.

    The experiences of World War I emphasized the need for specialized officers with technical knowledge of ammunition. Captain William Ivory, RNZA, returned to New Zealand in 1919 after completing several courses of instruction in the United Kingdom and assumed the position of Inspecting Ordnance Officer (IOO). Lieutenant A de T Nevill, RNZA, served as Acting IOO in 1925, allowing Ivory to fulfil regimental duties within the RNZA. Ivory resumed the position of IOO on 2 January 1927. Upon Ivory’s retirement in 1933, Lieutenant Ivan Roberts Withell, RNZA, succeeded him as IOO, a role he held until his passing on 31 August 1946.

    In 1917, the Royal New Zealand Artillery (RNZA) Ordnance Section at Fort Ballance came under NZAOC control upon the formation of the NZAOC. The section continued its responsibilities for storing, repairing, and refurbishing ammunition under the supervision of the RNZA. With the closure of the Kaiwharawhara Magazines in the early 1920s, Watts Peninsula on the north end of Wellington’s Miramar Peninsula became the primary ammunition depot of the NZAOC. This depot consisted of 19 magazines, one store, and a laboratory spread across Shelly Bay, Kau Point, Mahanaga Bay, Fort Ballance, and Fort Gordon. These facilities were repurposed submarine mining and coastal artillery fortifications dating back to the 1880s. The large six- and eight-inch disappearing guns had been removed in the early 1920s, and the gun pits were converted into makeshift magazines. However, these accommodations were not ideal as they lacked proper temperature and moisture control, posing potential risks to ammunition stocks.

    A smaller Ammunition section was also maintained at Mount Eden in Auckland until 1929 when, along with some staff from Fort Ballance, the Mount Eden Ammunition Section was transferred to New Magazines at Hopuhopu Camp. Intended to serve as the principal ammunition depot for New Zealand, between 1925 and 1927, eleven magazines and a laboratory were constructed at Hopuhopu Camp. The magazines, built into the hillside to contain any blasts, were made of concrete with double walls, creating an inspecting chamber. The purpose of the inspecting chamber was to enable sentries to monitor thermometers and adjust ventilation to maintain the optimal temperature of the stocks by consulting a chart.

    In 1931, the NZAOC Ammunition sections underwent civilianization, transferring nearly all the NZAOC military staff to the Public Service as civilian employees, usually at lower pay rates or placing them on superannuation due to government budgetary constraints.

    When New Zealand entered the Second World War in September 1939, the responsibility for ammunition was shared between the RNZA and the NZAOC.

    • The Director of Artillery was responsible to the General Officer Commanding for.
      • The provision and allocation of gun ammunition,
      • The receipt, storage, and issue of gun ammunition and explosives other than small-arms ammunition
    • The Director of Ordnance Services, assisted by the IOO and the SAA Proof Officer, were responsible to the Quartermaster-General for.
      • The inspection and repair of gun ammunition,
      • The provision, receipt, storage and distribution of small arms ammunition.

    NZAOC Ammunition facilities and personnel shared by the RNZA and NZAOC in September 1939 consisted of.

    • The IOO, Captain I.R Withell, RNZA
    • The Proof Officer, SAA Mount Eden Auckland, Honorary Lieutenant J.W Fletcher, NZPS
    • 19 Magazines, 1 Store, and an Ammunition Laboratory at Fort Ballance managed by
      • an RNZA WO1 seconded to the NZAOC
      • five members of the NZAOC civilian staff
    • 11 Magazines and an Ammunition Laboratory at Hopuhopu Camp managed by
      • an RNZA WO1 seconded to the NZAOC and
      • two members of the NZAOC civilian staff.
    • Single SAA Magazines at Trentham and Burnham Camps.

    From 1940 as the New Zealand Army moved from a peacetime to a wartime footing, the Ammunition trade grew exponentially as new infrastructure was constructed to accommodate the extensive range of ammunition required for training and home defence, with Modern Explosive Store Houses built at.

    • Burnham – 8 Magazines
    • Ohakea – 6 Magazine
    • Papakura (Ardmore)- 28 Magazines
    • Hopuhopu and Kelms Road – 55 Magazines
    • Waiouru – 45 Magazines
    • Makomako – 39 Magazines
    • Trentham (Kuku Valley) – 22 Magazines
    • Belmont – 62 Magazines
    • Glen Tunnel – 16
    • Mount Somers – 10
    • Fairlie – 9
    • Alexandra – 9

    In 1942 a conference of the QMG, DQMG2, AQMG5, COO, DCOO and IOO reset the wartime policy and organisation of New Zealand Military Ammunition services in which,

    • The COO and the Ordnance Ammunition Group were responsible for the management and storage of ammunition
    • the Chief IOO (CIOO) was responsible for all technical management and inspection of ammunition.

    With the role of the IOO branch now defined, from January 1943, the establishment of the IOO Branch was steadily increased to more robust levels.

    From mid-1945, discussions started taking place on the post-war shape of the NZAOC. Some thought was given to returning the NZAOC to its pre-war status as a predominantly civilian organisation. Reality prevailed, and the future of the NZAOC was assured as a permanent component of the post-war Army.

    The Proposed establishment of NZAOC Ammunition units saw the first widespread use of Ammunition Examiner (AE) as the ammunition trade name. AEs had existed in the British Army since 1923, evolving from the trade of Military Laboratory Foreman that had been established in 1886. Although the Royal Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC) authorised the use of a specialist AE badge consisting of an ‘AE in Wreath’ in 1942, permission to wear this badge was not granted to New Zealand AEs.

    RAOC Ammunition Examiner Trade Badge 1942 to 1950 with ‘homemade’ Brass Version.

    The first New Zealand AE were in the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary (2NZEF), where New Zealand Ordnance Corps (NZOC) AEs were included as part of the 2nd New Zealand Division NZASC Ammunition Company establishment. Little information is known about the 2NZEF AEs. They were likely recruited from within 2NZEF, given some rudimentary training by the RAOC and set to work.

    From 1 June 1945, the Artillery Headquarters element responsible for managing Gun Ammunition, the Ammunition and Equipment Section, was transferred to the control of the Chief Ordnance Officer (COO), ending the RNZA roles in the management of ammunition that had existed since the 1880s and the employment of Parker and Silver. As a result of the transfer, 11 Officers and 175 Other Ranks of the Royal New Zealand Artillery were absorbed into the NZAOC establishment.

    On 15 November 1945, the QMG directed that the care, maintenance, accounting and storage of all ammunition and explosives was the responsibility of the COO. Under the COO, these duties were to be undertaken by

    • The IOO Section
    • The NZAOC Ammunition Section

    Under the CIOO, the IOO Section was responsible for.

    • The control of all work on ammunition for all purposes other than accounting and storage,
    • Maintenance of Ammunition and explosives in stock in a serviceable condition and ready for use,
    • Provision of personnel for inspection and repair and for working parties to carry out repairs,
    • Provision of all equipment and stores required for the inspection and repair of ammunition,
    • Provision and accounting for Motor Transport necessary for the transport of stock for inspection and repair,
    • Administration and control of Repair Depot Trentham,
    • Maintenance of buildings at Repair Depot Trentham.

    The NZAOC Ammunition Section was responsible for.

    • The accounting, storage and care of ammunition and explosives,
    • Maintenance or magazines areas and of buildings and services connected with the storage of ammunition and explosives,
    • Administration of personnel of the IOO Section, while attached to ammunition depots concerning pay, rations, quarters, clothing and discipline,
    • Transport arrangements for the movement of ammunition not connected with the inspection and repair of ammunition at depots.

    The provision of suitably trained personnel was a constant problem for the CIOO. A course for IOOs was conducted over November/December 1945 to provide sufficient Officers to fill the IOO establishment.

    In December 1945, the results for No. 2 Course of Instruction—Inspection Ordnance Officers—were published. Of the thirty-five officers and other ranks who sat the written examination, eighteen achieved the qualifying mark of 50 per cent or better. Twelve officers were duly appointed as Inspection Ordnance Officers; from the ranks, two Warrant Officers Class I, a Staff Sergeant, a Sergeant, a Corporal, and a Private qualified as Ammunition Examiners.

    On 1 September 1946, Army Headquarters “Q” Branch underwent a significant reorganisation that established the New Zealand Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (NZEME). New Zealand’s Ordnance Services were also restructured under the Director of Army Equipment (DAE), who became the senior NZAOC position.

    The reorganisation led to the division of Ordnance Services under the DAE into the following roles:

    • COO: This role oversaw Headquarters New Zealand Ordnance Services, including the Provision Group.
    • CIOO: This role held responsibility for the IOO Group.

    Following the retirement of Lieutenant Colonel C.S.J. Duff, DSO, RNZA, who served as the incumbent DAE, on 3 July 1947, the position was renamed Director of Ordnance Services (DOS). Lieutenant Colonel Andrew Huia Andrews, RNZAOC, assumed the role as the first post-war DOS on 1 October 1947.

    By 1949 the Ammunition organisation had further evolved, combining the IOO and NZAOC Section into a single ammunition organisation, with

    • The CIOO and staff providing DOS with the required technical advice on ammunition
    • District IOOs appointed to each District Headquarters as the Ammo advisor to the District DADOS
    • District Ammunition Sections now renamed as
      • Northern District Ammunition Depot
      • Central District Ammunition Depot
      • Southern District Ammunition Depot
    • Army Ammunition Repair Depot
    • Army Ammunition Supply Depot

    To facilitate the further reorganisation and refinement of the Ammunition functions, the DOS hosted the first conference of Senior Ammunition Officers at Trentham Camp from 21-24 June 1949.

    RNZAOC IOOs and AEs 1949

    As the role of Inspection Ordnance Officers and Ammunition Examiners became integrated into the structure of the New Zealand Army, the Ammunition trade continued to face challenges due to limited resources, despite operating at a high tempo. Throughout the 1950s, the trade supported various activities, including:

    • Continuous inspection of wartime ammunition held in depots.
    • Disposal of surplus and obsolete ammunition through methods such as dumping at sea, destruction within depots, sale to the public (SAA natures), and transfer to allied nations.
    • The Supply of ammunition to support Compulsory Military Training.
    • The Disposal of blinds and unexploded ammunition discovered in wartime training areas.
    • The conduct of trials and introduction of new types of ammunition into service.
    • The provision of technical ammunition support to the Fiji Military Forces.

    Meanwhile, an exciting development occurred in the United Kingdom in 1948 when a competition was held to design a new badge for RAOC (Royal Army Ordnance Corps) Ammunition Examiners. Major Leonard Thomas Herbert Phelps submitted a design that was eventually accepted. The badge featured a 3″ x 2″ Flaming Grenade in red, black, and gold, with the letter “A” incorporated within the grenade. This symbolised the AE trade’s status as an “A” Class trade and became the British Army’s first three-colour trade badge. There were rumours that the Elizabeth Arden Cosmetics Company logo inspired the design.

    .

    Elizabeth Arden lipstick

    The year 1950 marked a significant milestone as the British Army Dress Committee granted permission for Ammunition Examiners (AEs) with the rank of Sergeant and above to wear the esteemed ‘Flaming A’ Trade Badge as a distinguished ‘Badge of Appointment’. Although this recognition was granted, it took some time for the approval to extend to the Ammunition Trades within New Zealand. Nonetheless, the journey was underway to officially embrace the ‘Flaming A’ Badge within the ranks of New Zealand’s Ammunition Trades..

    Large ‘Ammunition Examiner’ Badge c1950, Brass and Anodized ‘Flaming A’ Badges. https://raoc.websitetoolbox.com/post/ammunition-technicians-badge-1566875?highlight=ammunition%20technician%20badge

    In 1959, a thorough evaluation of army dress embellishments was undertaken to establish a clear policy regarding the wear of various embellishments, including:

    • Shoulder titles
    • Formation Patches
    • Service Badges
    • Badges of Appointment
    • Instructors Badges
    • Skill-at-Arms Badges
    • Tradesmen’s badges


    During the review of Badges of Appointment, it was noted that specific badges worn by the British Army were also authorised for wear by the New Zealand Army. These badges, such as the Gun for RNZE, Grenade for RNZA, Hammer and Pincers for RNZEME, and Lyre for Bandsmen, were worn by Warrant Officers, Staff Sergeants, and Sergeants in their respective units.
    Regarding the flaming “A” badge of the RAOC AE, it was recognised that it held significance and merit for adoption by the ammunition trades of the RNZAOC. Consequently, the adoption of the flaming “A” badge was recommended.

    Despite the numerous recommendations during the army dress embellishment review, only decisions regarding shoulder titles and formation patches were made. The Army Dress Committee requested the Adjutant General to prepare a paper on dress embellishments and develop a policy specifically addressing Badges of Appointment, Instructors Badges, Skill-at-Arms Badges, and Tradesmen’s badges. Unfortunately, the wait for a badge for AEs was set to continue.

    As the RNZAOC organisation matured in the late 1950s, it became apparent that the system in place of having separate Ordnance, Vehicle and Ammunition Depots located in the same locations but under different command arrangements was impracticable and not an efficient use of resources. Starting in 1961, a reorganisation was undertaken to consolidate administrative, accounting and store functions under one headquarters. The restructuring resulted in only one RNZAOC depot in each district, which consisting of,

    • Headquarters,
    • Stores Sub-Depot,
    • Ammunition Sub-Depot,
    • Vehicle Sub-Depot
    • Traffic Centre.

    To achieve this, all the existing District Ammunition Depots became sub-depots of a District Ordnance Depot, designated as.

    • Ammunition Sub-Depot, Northern Districts Ordnance Depot (NDOD) – Ngāruawāhia,
    • Ammunition Sub-Depot Central Districts Ordnance Depot (CDOD) – Linton,
    • Ammunition Sub-Depot Southern Districts Ordnance Depot (SDOD) – Burnham

    Ammunition Sub-Depots now consisted of:

    • Ammunition Inspection Section.
    • Ammunition Repair Section.
    • Non-Explosive Store.
    • NDOD Ammunition Areas.
      • Ardmore
      • Kelm road
      • Ngāruawāhia
    • CDOD Ammunition Areas
      • Waiouru
      • Makomako
      • Belmont
      • Trentham
    • SDOD Ammunition Areas
      • Burnham
      • Glentunnel
      • Fairlie
      • Mt Somers

    In 1960 the RAOC renamed their Ammunition Trades, and concurrent with the 1961 reorganisation, the RNZAOC decided to align the Ammunition Trade with the RAOC and adopt the same trade names, making the following changes.

    • Chief Inspecting Ordnance Officer became Chief Ammunition Technical Officer
    • Senior Inspecting Ordnance Officer became Senior Ammunition Technical Officer
    • District Inspecting Ordnance Officer became District Ammunition Technical Officer
    • Inspecting Ordnance Officer became Ammunition Technical Officer
    • Ammunition Examiner became Ammunition Technician

    Up to 1961, Ammunition Technical Officers (ATOs) were usually only employed in Ammunition-related duties. However, as a result of this reorganisation, ATOs were now used across all of the RNZAOC and, as such, were required to balance their regular duties with their Ammunition responsibilities.

    1968 saw further reorganisation with the Main Ordnance Depot at Trentham was renamed 1 Base Ordnance Depot and the District Ordnance Depots renamed

    • Northern District Ordnance Depot to 1 Central Ordnance Depot
    • Central District Ordnance Depot to 2 Central Ordnance Depot
    • Southern District Ordnance Depot to 3 Central Ordnance Depot

    A significant aspect of the 1968 reorganisation was the Disestablishment of The Small Arms and Proof Office co-located at Mount Eden when the CAC closed down, ending the ammunition trades’ long relationship with the CAA. Additionally, the Ammunition Proof and Experimental Centre operations at Kuku Valley was closed down, and its operations moved to the new Joint Services Proof Establishment at Kauri Point in Auckland.

    Keen to provide the Ammunition trade with a suitable trade identifier Major D.H Rollo, the CATO, sent a message to the New Zealand Defence Liaison Staff in London in September 1968 requesting the following information from the UK Chief Inspector of Land Service Ammunition (CILSA) on the RAOC AT Badge

    • Do other ranks and officers wear it
    • Conditions of entitlement to wear
    • Cost of badge
    • Possibility of procuring samples
    • Any other pertinent details which may guide in adopting a similar badge

    By the end of November 1968, through the New Zealand Defence Liaison Staff, the UK CILSA provided the following information on the RAOC AT badge to the New Zealand CATO,

    • Worn by all Ammunition Technicians on No 1 and No2 Dress. It is not worn with any other form of dress.
    • Price
      • No1 Dress – 7/6d each,
      • No 2 Dress – 5.1/4d each
    • Samples of each badge to be provided

    In April 1969, CATO submitted a proposal to the 77th meeting of the Army Dress Committee, seeking approval to introduce the Flaming “A” badge for New Zealand Ammunition Technicians (ATs). However, the submission was deemed insufficient and was ultimately declined, citing the following reasons:

    • Equality among trades: It was argued that other trades within the Army equally deserved a similar badge, and singling out ATs may not be justified.
    • Lower qualification standards: Concerns were raised regarding the perceived lower standards required to qualify for the badge than other trade badges.

    The Dress Committee agreed to revisit the matter if additional justification could be provided.

    During the same period, developments in the United Kingdom and the ongoing troubles in Northern Ireland led to the unofficially wearing of the RAOC AT badge by Ammunition Technical Officers (ATOs). Subsequently, in June 1971, an ATO badge was introduced through the DOS (Director of Ordnance Services) Bulletin. This badge featured a small ‘Flaming Circle’ without the superimposed letter A, distinguishing it from the badge worn by ATs.

    Moving forward from Major Rollo’s initial submission, New Zealand’s CATO, Major Bob Duggan, reconsidered the earlier proposal and, on 13 July 1970, through the DOS, submitted the following for a combined AT/ATO Badge,

    CONSIDERATIONS

    6.            R & SO Vol II provides for the wearing of qualification badges, and a study of that publication reveals that a large proportion of Army Corps already have these. Many badges require less effort for qualification than would the exacting trade of Ammunition Technician. In addition, and supporting the acceptance of an ATO/AT Badge, these technicians are frequently required to deal with other services and members of the public.

    7.            The low standard required to qualify for this badge has been reconsidered in light of information obtained on similar standards received from overseas. In addition, it was never the intention to cheapen the significance of this badge in the RNZAOC or those of any other Corps. The standard required to qualify for the ATO/AT badge would now be as follows:

    a. Technical Officers who have practised for a minimum of one year.

    b. All Ammunition Technicians, regardless of rank, who have qualified in all ways for four stars in their trade.

    8.            The Public Relations side of the duties of ATO/Ats, as mentioned in paragraph 6 above, is further explained. This aspect concerns the collection and disposal of stray ammunition and explosives as well as involvement with the Police and other Government Departments in bomb scares. The average annual number of items, all natures and types of stray ammunition which have been collected over the last three years is 5750, which represents approximately 450 calls by ATOs or four-star ATs. ATO/ATs are requested by Police Stations throughout New Zealand

    a. To visit many private homes to identify-stray ammunition.

    b. Assess whether or not the items are in a dangerous state, and

    c. Remove such items for disposal. If an item is in an armed state, it could mean disposal in situ’.

    9.            The request is therefore not for a trade badge, but one of recognition and identification as to the dangerous and skilful nature of their specialist work.

    With the Support of the Army Q Branch, the Army Dress committee approved the introduction of the AT Badge for qualified RNZAOC ATOs and ATs on 31 May 1971

    The New Zealand AT badge adopted in 1971 was identical to the RAOC AT Badge. The criteria for being awarded was for Officers to have completed one year of practical experience after graduating from the ATOs Course in Australia or the United Kingdom. For ATs to qualify, they were required to be qualified in all aspects of the trade, which could take up to six years.

    The New Zealand AT Badge was approved to be worn with the following orders of dress;

    • No 2 Dress Mess Kit, No 3 Dress Summer Mess Kit. On the left lower sleeve, 165mm above the bottom of the cuff
    • .No 4A Dress Service Dress. On the left lower sleeve, 165mm above the bottom of the cuff, except with warrant officers, it was worn immediately above the badge of rank on the left sleeve.

    The United Kingdom continues to maintain different ATO and AT badges. The Australian Army utilises an RAOC style, ATO badge with a stylised Wattle for ATOs and ATs.

    Australian Army Ammunition Technical Officer/Ammunition Technician Badge. Robert McKie Collection

    Examples of New Zealand ATO/AT Badges

    1st pattern Ammunition Technician Badge. Robert McKie Collection
    1st pattern Ammunition Technician Badge Mess Kit Badge. Robert McKie Collection

    On 24 May 1985, the Army Dress Committee endorsed a proposal that all New Zealand Army Qualification Badges eventually conform to a common heraldic motif as an initiative to develop insignia with a unique New Zealand flavour. The common heraldic motif consisted of the qualification badge surrounded by fern fronds providing a badge with a distinct national character.

    Although a scroll could be included, if this was not necessary, the fronds continued and stopped just short of the centre point.

    Approved for adoption by the CGS on 6 November 1985, the request went out to trade sponsors to prepare drawings of the current qualification badges encompassing a surround of fern fronds for consideration by the Army Dress Committee.

    Although tasked with providing a design of the AT badge incorporating the common motif, on 1 April 1987, CATO provided a submission including the current AT Badge with the common motif, as well as an alternative design in keeping with the requirement to ‘New Zealandise’ qualification badges.

    Design provided by CATO of current badge with fern fronds
    Alternative design provided by CATO

    At the Army Dress Committee meeting on 12 May 1987, it was agreed that to ensure uniformity of design, the AT badge design incorporating the fern fronds was recommended for approval by CGS. This badge was introduced into service in 1988.

    In April 1987, the New Zealand AT Badge was approved for wear with Summer Dress (Dacrons) on the left arm 50mm below the point of the shoulder.

    2nd pattern Ammunition Technician Badge. Robert McKie Collection
    2nd pattern Ammunition Technician Badge. Robert McKie Collection

    New Zealand ATOs and ATs matured into a highly specialised trade that, on the amalgamation of the RNZAOC into the Royal New Zealand Army Logistic Regiment (RNZALR) in 1996, had a wide range of responsibilities, including

    • The inspection, storage and maintenance of all ammunition and explosives used by the Army
    • The conduct of technical trials on new ammunition,
    • The conduct investigations into ammunition incidents and accidents,
    • The disposal of unserviceable or obsolete ammunition,
    • The management of Explosive Ordnance Devices and Improvised Explosive Devices.

    New Zealand’s Ammunition trade has progressed from storing and managing black powder magazines in the 19th century to managing the many modern ammunition natures available to the 21st century New Zealand Army. Although introduced in 1971 to recognise and identify the specialist, dangerous and skilful nature of the Ammunition trade, the flaming “A” badge is a fitting symbol of the trade’s progress.


    RNZAOC Days of Significance

    Most of the Corps and Regiments of the New Zealand Army observe a day significant to the respective Corps or Regiment

    • The Royal New Zealand Artillery celebrates “Gunners Day” on 26 May, marking the formation of the Royal Regiment of Artillery in 1716.
    • The Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps celebrates “Cambrai Day” on 20 November, marking the Battle of Cambrai in 1917, which saw large numbers of tanks first employed.
    • The Royal New Zealand Corps of Transport celebrated “RNZCT Corps Day” on 12 May, which marked the formation of the New Zealand Army Service Corps in 1910.

    For the Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps (RNZAOC), the day of significance was 12 July and as “Corps Day” commemorated the day in 1947 when the New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps (NZAOC) was granted Royal Status.

    The granting of Royal Status to the NZAOC was an acknowledgement of New Zealand’s Ordnance services from 1912 and the valuable contributions of the NZAOC during the Second World War.

    1 May 1912 – New Zealand Ordnance Corps

    For a military force to remain effective, the ability to maintain and repair firearms is an essential function. From the 1860’s Armourers and Arms Cleaners of New Zealand’s Defence Stores Department, in conjunction with civilian gunsmiths, kept New Zealand’s stock of weapons maintained and repaired. With the introduction of Bolt Action rifles and Maxim Machine Guns, the increasing complexity and quantity of weapons systems available to New Zealand’s Military Forces required the secondment of Armourer Sergeants from the United Kingdom’s Army Ordnance Corps in 1900.[1]  Arriving in New Zealand in 1901, AOC Armourer Sergeants Bertram Buckley and John Hunter immediately set to upskilling New Zealand’s military armourers.[2]  Providing further support to Buckley and Hunter was the secondment 2nd Class Armourer Sergeant William Edward Luckman to New Zealand from the AOC in 1903, who was appointed as the Chief Armourer of New Zealand’s Military Forces.

    By 1911 Armourer Sergeant Major Luckman, having had his secondment extended several times, was well established as the Chief Armourer of New Zealand’s Military Forces. His Armourers provided inspection, maintenance, and repairs in Armourers workshops in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin. Although on secondment to the New Zealand military, Luckman, Buckley, and Hunter were still Armourers in the AOC and required to maintain their professional proficiency. New Zealand Armourers trained under Luckman’s supervision required a trade structure and recognition of their ability in sync with the AOC. To provide this structure, General Order 118 was released on 1 May 1912, establishing the New Zealand Ordnance Corps (NZOC) and providing a career path from Apprentice to Armourer Sergeant Major for Armourers of the Defence Stores Department. [3]

    1 April 1915 – Royal New Zealand Artillery, New Zealand Army Ordnance Section

    While the Defence Stores Department were responsible for Small-Arms and associated ammunition, the Royal New Zealand Artillery was responsible for supplying and maintaining the various types of Ordnance (Artillery) and associated ammunition utilised by the Regiment of New Zealand Artillery, New Zealand Garrison Artillery and New Zealand Field Artillery.[4] This functional separation between the Defence Stores Department and Artillery had existed since the 1880s, remaining extant in 1915. While the Colonial; Ammunition Company factory at Mount Eden in Auckland allowed a measure of self-sufficiency in Small Arms Ammunition, the same could not be said for artillery ammunition. In 1911 The Artillery Stores Accountant, Lieutenant Robert George Vining Parker, produced a cost-benefit analysis of the virtues of locally made-up Artillery and imported artillery ammunition. It was estimated that by cleaning and refilling casings, inspecting and refurbishing propellant bags, and manufacturing new ones as required, savings of £3,333 (2022 NZD$633,605) could be made. To achieve these savings, a recommendation that a specialist Artillery Ordnance Corps Section be established to manufacture and modify ammunition was made. [5] Approved by the Commandant of the New Zealand Military Forces, General Alexander Godley, in mid-1914, formal authority was not granted until 1 March 1915, with New Zealand Defence Forces General Order 90 authorising the raising as a component of the Royal New Zealand Artillery, the New Zealand Army Ordnance Section with effect from 1 April 1915.[6] The NCO and six Gunners of the New Zealand Army Ordnance Section were based at Wellingtons Fort Balance.

    1 February 1917 – New Zealand Army Ordnance Department and New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps

    On 31 May 1917, regulations constituting the New Zealand Army Ordnance Department (NZAOD) and NZAOC, backdated to 1 February 1917, were approved and published in the New Zealand Gazette on 7 June 1917, concluding forty-eight years of service provided by the Defence Stores Department.[7]

    From January 1917, the legacy Defence Stores Department remained in existence only in name as the Director of Equipment and Ordnance Stores, Major Thomas James McCristell, put the pieces together for the final establishment of New Zealand’s military Ordnance Services. Ordnance Procedures for the New Zealand Defence Forces drafted in 1916 were released on 23 January 1917, providing the New Zealand military with regulations concerning Ordnance Services.[8]  These procedures were a forward-looking document and can be considered the foundation of New Zealand’s military store accounting procedures.

    In line with the British AOC organisation, the New Zealand Ordnance Services were to consist of the,

    • Officers organised into the NZAOD as,
      • Directing Staff.
      • Executive Staff.
      • Inspectorial Staff.
    • Warrant Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and soldiers organised into the NZAOC,
      • Clerical and Stores Section.
      • Armourers Section.
      • Armament Artificers Section. [9]

    Included in the establishment of the NZAOC were Artificers of the Royal New Zealand Artillery, the Artillery Ordnance Corps Section and the Armourers of the NZOC.

    It must be noted that from 1917 the New Zealand Military now maintained two NZAOCs whose only relationship was in name and had no technical relationship. These were,

    • The New Zealand Expeditionary Force NZAOC was formed as a unit of the NZEF in 1915 and was disestablished in 1921.[10] This NZAOC consisted of Officers, Warrant Officers, NCOs and Other Ranks.

    27 June 1924 – Reconstitution of the New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps

    On 3 July 1924, a notice published in the New Zealand Gazette revoked the regulations that established the NZAOD and NZAOC on 1 February 1917. Backdated to 27 June 1924, the NZAOD was reconstituted as part of the NZAOC, resulting in one Ordnance organisation serving as part of the New Zealand Permanent Forces.[11]

    1 November 1940 – New Zealand Ordnance Corps

    Unlike the New Zealand Army Service Corps, which consisted of the New Zealand Permanent Army Service Corps (NZPASC) as part of the Permanent Army and the NZASC as its Territorial Army component, the NZAOC did not maintain a Territorial Army component of part-time citizen-soldiers. With the onset of war in 1939 and the mobilisation of the Territorial Army in 1940, the Quartermaster General, Colonel Henry Esau Avery, decided that Light Aid Detachments were an Ordnance responsibility and established the NZOC as the NZAOC Component of Territorial Army as of 1 November 1940.[12]

    As in the First World War, the 2NZEF also maintained Ordnance units. 2NZEF Order 221 of March 1941 set NZOC as the title of Ordnance in the NZEF.[13]  1942 saw the separation of maintenance and repair functions from the Royal Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC) with the formation of the Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (EME) in the Brutish Army. The New Zealand Division followed suit and formed the New Zealand Electrical and Mechanical Engineers (NZEME) on 1 December 1942, placing repair and maintenance elements into the NZEME with the Ordnance Stores and Services functions remaining as the NZOC. However, as the NZEME was a 2NZEF element and not formed as part of New Zealand’s Force at home and in the Pacific, men posted to the NZEME were still listed as part of the NZOC.

    The NZEF NZOC was disestablished along with the NZEF in 1946.

    1 September 1946 – NZAOC Reorganisation

    On 1 September 1946, the NZAOC underwent its first major post-war reorganisation with several significant changes reshaping the NZAOC, including,

    • MT Workshops, Ordnance Workshops, and Armourers Workshops separated from the NZAOC to form the NZEME.[14]
    • The Distinction between Regular and non-Regular soldiers in place across the army since 1909 was removed. The NZOC was disestablished, and its Officers and Soldiers integrated into the NZAOC.[15]

    12 July 1947 – Designation as a Royal Corps

    In recognition of the valuable services provided by New Zealand’s Military Forces during the Second World War, King George VI approved in 1947 the addition of the prefix “Royal” to be granted to the following Corps of the New Zealand Military Forces

    • The New Zealand Armoured Corps
    • The New Zealand Engineers
    • The New Zealand Corps of Signals
    • The New Zealand Infantry Corps
    • The New Zealand Army Service Corps
    • The New Zealand Army Medical Corps
    • The New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps
    • The New Zealand Electrical and Mechanical Engineers
    • The New Zealand Army Dental Corps
    • The New Zealand Chaplains Department.[16]

    Taking effect from 12 July 1947, the Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps, further embraced this honour by adopting 12 July as the RNZAOC Corps Day.


    Notes

    [1] “Two armourer sergeants imported from England,” Archives New Zealand Item No R24403217  ( 1902).

    [2] “Buckley, Bertram,” Personal File, Archives New Zealand (Wellington) 1900,.

    [3] NZ Armourers, New Zealand Military Forces, General Order 118/12, (Wellington, 1 May 1912), 44-45. ; “Boyce, John – WWI 35094, WWII 4239 – Army,” Personal File, Archives New Zealand (Wellington) 1914.

    [4] In 1914 the stocks of New Zealand Artillery consisted of a variety of obsolete, obsolescent and current field and fixed coast artillery pieces, including  6-Pounder Hotchkiss gun; QF 6 pounder Nordenfelt; QF 12 pounder 12 cwt gun; Ordnance QF 18-pounder; QF 4.5-inch howitzer; BL 6-inch Mk VII naval gun, 6-inch gun Mk V; BL 8 inch Mk VII naval gun.”(Capt J O’Sullivan Director of Stores – Return of Ordnance and Ammunition in New Zealand),” Archives New Zealand Item No R24750839  (14 March 1906), .; Peter Cooke, Defending New Zealand: Ramparts on the Sea 1840-1950s (Wellington, NZ: Defence of New Zealand Study Group, 2000, 2000), 833.

    [5] Major J.S Bolton, A History of the Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps (Trentham: RNZAOC, 1992), 54-56.

    [6] Formation of Army Ordnance Corps Section, New Zealand Defence Forces, General Order 90, (Wellington, 1 April 1915).

    [7] “New Zealand Army Ordnance Department and New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps Regulations,” New Zealand Gazette, No 95, June 7, 1917.

    [8] organised into five sections covering all the Ordnance administrative and accounting required of the New Zealand Military:                Section 1 – Administration, Section 2 – Charge of Storehouses, Magazine and Workshops, Section 3 – Charge of Stores, Section 4 – Small-arms and machine guns, Section 5 Supply and Receipt of stores and clothing, Section 6 – Transmission and consignment of Stores, Section 7 – Stocktaking, survey and sales of stores, Section 8 – Receiving, issuing and Accounting “Regulations

    [9] “New Zealand Army Ordnance Department and New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps Regulations,” New Zealand Gazette No 95 (Wellington), June 7 1917, 2292-93.

    [10] Robert McKie, “Ordnance at the Front – The New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps in the NZEF, 1914 to1920,” The Volunteers: New Zealand Military Historical Society 46, no. 1 (2020): 7-24.

    [11] “NZAOD and NZAOC,” New Zealand Gazette July 3 1924.

    [12] “Formation of New Units, Changes in Designation, and Reorganization of Units of the Territorial Force. ,” New Zealand Gazette, No 127, 19 December 1940, http://www.nzlii.org/nz/other/nz_gazette/1940/127.pdf.

    [13] Designation of Units – Ordnance Corps, 2NZEF Order 221, (March 1940).

    [14] “Organisation – Policy and General – Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps 1946-1984,” Archives New Zealand Item No R17311537  (1946).

    [15] “Formation of Unit of the New Zealand Permanent Force,” New Zealand Gazette No 60, 29 August 1946, http://www.nzlii.org/nz/other/nz_gazette/1946/60.pdf.

    [16] “Designation of Corps of New Zealand Military Forces altered and Title ” Royal ” added,” New Zealand Gazette No 39, 17 July 1947, http://www.nzlii.org/nz/other/nz_gazette/1947/39.pdf.


    RNZAOC Lanyard

    New Zealand’s military usage of lanyards has been practical, with lanyards used for securing pistols, compasses and whistles to a person. Aside from the practical use of lanyards, there are also examples where lanyards have been adopted as a coloured uniform accoutrement by some New Zealand Regiments and Corps, some examples being:

    • The Regular Force Cadets’ red lanyard
    • The New Zealand Provost and Military Police white lanyard
    • The Royal New Zealand Corps of Transport blue and gold lanyard

    Almost included in this short list of New Zealand Army regimental lanyards was the Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps (RNZAOC), which applied for permission to adopt a regimental lanyard in the 1960s.

    The word lanyard originates from the French word ‘lanière’, which means ‘strap’, with accounts from the late 15th century French describing how soldiers and privateers utilised ropes and cords found on ships to keep their swords, cutlasses and pistols close at hand whilst working in ships’ rigging and during combat.

    As with any functional military kit, lanyards evolved, with French Cuirassiers using a braided lanyard to hold their swords in place, with adoption by most militaries following. In British use, lanyards became common, used to attach pistols to uniforms, and Gunners used them to fire artillery. In widespread use for practical purposes, the adoption of lanyards as a decorative uniform item soon followed, with coloured lanyards denoting regiments and corps and gold lanyards used to identify senior officers.

    In 1941 the British Army introduced coloured ‘Arms of Service’ (AoS) strips to be worn on both arms of the Battle Dress uniform with the primary colour facing forward. The Royal Army Ordnance Corps (RAOC), AoS strip was initially a Dark Blue AoS strip which was hard to see, and in early 1943 it was changed to a Red/Blue/Red strip, which remained in use for the rest of the war. The RAOC adopted the AoS colours for the RAOC lanyard, which was approved for wear by all ranks on 2 June 1950.[1]  In 1960 the RAOC Lanyard was formalised for use with the 1960 Pattern No2 Dress, and within a short time, the RNZAOC applied for a similar dress distinction.

    On 24 July 1962, the Colonel Commandant of the RNZAOC, Lieutenant Colonel Francis Reid, submitted a proposal to the New Zealand Army Dress Committee to adopt a unique dress embellishment for specific Regular Force RNZAOC personnel. The submission reads:

    1.         R&SO Vol II paras 3359 refers

    2.         I wish to refer the following proposal submitted by 4 Inf Bde Gp OFP, for consideration for the adoption of a special embellishment to the dress for specific Regular Force RNZAOC personnel.

    3.        The proposal is that personnel posted to field force units, ie, 4 Inf Bde Gp OFP and 4 Inf Wksps Stores Sec be permitted to wear a lanyard on the left shoulder, with all orders of dress other than numbers 1, 4 and 5.

    4.          The proposed lanyard has three cords, twisted, two scarlet and one blue, with a loop at each end. A suggested sample is enclosed.

    5.         The reasons for this proposal are as follows:-

    1. 4 Inf Bde Gp OFP and 4 Inf Wksps Stores Sec are new RNZAOC RF units, in fact, it is the first time these types of units have been formed within the Regular Force in the NZ Army. The personnel have been drawn from the older District Ordnance Depots and many of them continue to think in District terms. It is considered that an embellishment such as the lanyard, would create a high unit feeling and help to raise and maintain high morale in these RNZAOC units within the field force.
    • It is anticipated that the employment of personnel in these units will occasionally be by assisting RNZAOC static depots. Under these circumstances the embellishment would maintain a unit feeling when the personnel are mixed with other RNZAOC units.
    • During Bde Gp concentrations, when summer dress is worn and thus corps shoulder titles are not worn, the lanyard would further foster unit spirit within the formation.

    6.          The purchase of these lanyards, if approved, would be undertaken entirely from Unit resources, with Public Funds not being involved in any way.

    7.         I strongly recommend this proposal and forward it for your favourable consideration.[1]


    [1] RNZAOC Colonel Commandant, “Request to adopt special embellishment to dress,” Archives New Zealand No R17187826  (24 July 1962).

    Replying to the RNZAOC Colonel Commandant on 10 October 1962, the Army Dress committed agreed to the desirability of having a unique dress embellishment to identify Regular Force Field Force Personnel. However, as a universal shoulder patch for all Field Force personnel was under consideration by the Army Clothing Development Section, approval was not granted for an RNZAOC-specific lanyard. However, the proviso was set that if shoulder patches were rejected as a dress embellishment, further consideration of lanyards was possible, and the Dress Committee welcomed the re-submission of the proposal for an RNZAOC lanyard. The Sample provided to Lt Col Reid was returned.[3]

    It would take a few more years, but on 10 September 1964, approval was given for the wearing of Formation Patches by all ranks, other than 1 RNZIR and 1 Bn Depot, who continued to wear the red diamond. The approved patches were circular 11/2 inch in diameter and dived by operational grouping,

    • Combat Brigade Group – Black
    • Logistic Support Group, 3 NZEF and Base Units – Red
    • Combat Reserve Brigade Troops – Green
    • All others – Blue

    The blue Formation patch for other units was discontinued on 3 December 1968. Approval for the wearing of the remaining patches was withdrawn on 6 August 1971.[4]

    Regardless of this initial setback, the idea of an RNZAOC lanyard remained popular within the RNZAOC. In November 1969, the DADOS(D), on behalf of the RNZAOC, pitched to the Army Dress Committee the desire of the RNZAOC to have a lanyard as a distinctive dress distinction. By 1969 the corps had been reorganised and instead of a lanyard being an item of dress for those Regular Force personnel posted to Field Force units, it was intended to issue lanyards to all RNZAOC personnel. By 1969 Stable belts were starting to become a popular addition to the range of army dress accoutrements. However, wearing Stable belts was limited by the dress orders available, leading the RNZAOC to favour a lanyard as a dress distinction with broader utility. As in 1962, a sample was again provided.

    The chairman of the Dress Committee was not in favour of lanyards as he wished to avoid a proliferation of dress embellishments. However, based on the argument put forward by the DADOS(A), he reserved his decision until a future meeting of the Army Dress Committee and invited the DOS to attend to support this item on the agenda.[5]

    The next meeting of the Army Dress Committee with the discussion on an RNZAOC Lanyard was on 1 March 1971. In this meeting, the DOS again proposed an RNZAOC lanyard, mentioning that most other Corps of the NZ Army had adopted some form of distinctive dress, for example, Stable belts. However, the RNZAOC remained in favour of an RNZAOC lanyard.

    The proposed lanyard was not to be purchased at public expense and was to be worn on the left shoulder of no 2,3,6 (except 6D) and 7 orders of dress. The majority approved the proposal of members of the Army Dress Committee. However, the chairman again reserved his decision until a clear policy directive on Corps Dress Distinctions was issued from Army HQ, as again, he felt that an introduction of an RNZAOC lanyard “might open the door form other corps submissions”.[6]

    The proposal for an RNZAOC lanyard was not approved. In 1972 the RNZAOC reconsidered its position on Stable belts and, following a submission to the Army Dress Committee, was granted permission to adopt an RNZAOC specific Stable belt in April 1972.[7]

    The sample lanyards were returned to the DOS and eventually found their way into the RNZAOC School memorabilia collection as a reminder of what could have been. Following the disestablishment of the RNZAOC in 1996, the RNZAOC School memorabilia collection was handed over to the Royal New Zealand Army Logistic Regiment (RNZALR) for safekeeping and future preservation. Unfortunately, as a nondescript item whose story had been forgotten and a lack of a robust management policy led these lanyards and many other RNZAOC items to find their way to the open market.


    Notes

    [1] Len Whittaker, “Lanyards,” The Military Historical Society  (November 1985).

    [2] RNZAOC Colonel Commandant, “Request to adopt special embellishment to dress,” Archives New Zealand No R17187826  (24 July 1962).

    [3] “Army 220/5/103/AAC Army Dress Committee Meeting 1 March 1971,” Archives New Zealand No R9753141  (July 1971).

    [4] “Clothing – Dress Embellishments: General 1960-1976,” Archives New Zealand No R17187826  (1960).

    [5] “Army 220/5/103/AAC Army Dress Committee Meeting 1 March 1971.”

    [6] “Army 220/5/103/AAC Army Dress Committee Meeting 1 March 1971.”

    [7] “Army 220/5/103/AAC Army Dress Committee Meeting 1 March 1971.”


    National Service Reminiscences

    Military conscription in New Zealand was first introduced in 1910 to build and maintain a credible force that would allow New Zealand to play its part in defence of the British Empire.  Initially intended to feed the Territorial Army, conscription was extended in 1916 to allow men to be conscripted directly into the New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF). Conscription would be suspended during the lean post-Bellum years and re-established in 1940 as a wartime measure to satisfy New Zealand’s wartime personnel commitments.

    New Zealand’s 1945 post-war commitments required the raising and mounting of a Division for service in the Middle East. The only way the personnel requirements for a Division could be met would be through conscription. A referendum was conducted in1949, resulting in a yes for Compulsory Military Training (CMT), which would commence in 1950.

    The CMT scheme would train 63033 men up to 1958 when the Labour Government ceased CMT. In 1961 the National Government introduced a new National Service Act, which would require all males to register with the Labour Department on or before their 20th birthday. Following registration, ballots would be conducted to select individuals to undertake military training.

    Training would consist of three months of initial full-time training, during which the men would be given the choice of three weeks part-time training in a Territorial unit for three years or one year’s service in a Regular Force unit. The National Service Scheme would last until 1972, when it was discontinued due to a changing social and economic environment.  

    Since 1972 there has been no Military conscription in New Zealand. Since 1972 there have been many calls for the re-introduction of Military conscription to instill a sense of citizenship and discipline to reduce unemployment and youth crime. However, no major political party has made any significant policy statements on the re-introduction of military conscription.

    The following are the remanences of John Mudgway, who at the age of 19, was selected by Ballot to undertake National Service as part of the first intake in 1961.

    My Military Career by John Mudgway

    When the National Government brought back military service in 1961 it was named National Service. We had to register with the Labour Department and the Golden Kiwi lottery marbles were used to draw certain birth dates. The “winners” of these birth dates were ordered into Waiouru Military Camp for 7 weeks basic training and were then posted to a Territorial Unit to complete their 3-year term. This was done in 3 annual camps, plus local parades. They then went to reserves for a further three years.

    There was an option offered to us – which was we could serve one-year regular force and then be put on reserve for a further 3 years. I chose the latter.

    Waiouru Camp
    10 May 1962 – 27 June 1962

    I was posted to Waiouru Military Camp and arrived on 9th May 1962, along with 549 other young lads.

    Above left – Recruits leaving the train at Waiouru Camp rail siding before entering the camp to begin 14 weeks
    training, at the end of which they will be posted to “Territorial Force Units.”
    Right – Recruits E L McFeran (left) and R A Shaw sorting out equipment, clothing and bedding in their barrack
    room.

    I did seven weeks basic training – learning the military way of life, marching, shooting, and cleaning boots and weapons etc. One lasting memory I have is of being told that – in the event of an atomic blast, lay on the ground, cover myself with my greatcoat, have no skin exposed – and I would survive!

    John Mudgway (Hastings), Ned Kinita (Waipukurau)
    and Robyn Gunderson (Dannevirke).

    Trentham Military Camp
    28 June 1962 – 9 May 1963

    When I arrived in camp, RSM Ordnance Schools, School Sergeant Major Alfred Wesseldine, decided they would not run the school for just me, so I was posted direct to MT Spares for the duration of my service.

    Myself (Pte John Mudgway) (on left) and Dennis Leslie Goldfinch (who retired as a WO1). We are facing the main building of MT Spares in the MOD Compound. August 1962. Behind us in part of the wavy roof building, was the Uniform Store and smoko room.
    On our left is a large, grassed area that was covered in 25 pounder artillery pieces that were being cut up for scrap by a private contractor. Further to the left was the Tyre Store that “Goldie” was in charge of.

    Below is the two of us in 2012 (50 years later)

    During my service in RNZAOC I participated in several events.

    I was part of a Guard of Honour for the Chief of the Imperial General Staff at Wellington Airport when he flew in.
    I was also in a Guard of Honour for the NZ Chief of Staff at Wellington Airport when he flew in.

    I was part of the street lining contingent that paraded on the streets of Wellington City for the Queen when she visited in February 11 & 12 1964. (I saw her 23 times). We drove the streets of Wellington in 2 RL Bedfords, to places in streets she was to move through, detrucked and stood at attention on the road-sides while she passed, back to the trucks and on to our next destination. She must have thought there were a lot of handsome young lads in our army.

    Escorted a prisoner the Ardmore Prison, by overnight train in 1964. I was the junior escort.

    I was dragged out of the barracks at 2am one morning and trucked over to Mangaroa, Whitemans Valley Tent Loft to drag tents from a burnt-out building.

    One of my jobs during my service was to sit out between two of the stores buildings and empty the brass fire extinguishers that had been returned to us from all the other stores round the country. These extinguishers were filled with carbon-tetrachloride and after spraying the contents into buckets for several days we were quite “high” ourselves. I presume the brass containers went for scrap.

    During my time in M T Spares I worked with Staff Sgt Kevin Anderson, Goldie of course, and Pte’s Vic Fletcher and Tammy Tamihana. Our Stores Officer was Geoff Atkinson first, then latterly Captain R G H Golightly. Our C S M was WO 1 Maurie Bull. We also had some civilian workers in our stores, one of whom was retired Sgt Bert Royal. Also there were a group of prisoners from Waitako Prison that used to come and do the “dirty jobs” that we didn’t have to do.

    I also did a couple of Camp Patrols in the MOD Compound. We had to patrol the compound several times during the night and were supposed to sleep in the Gate House.

    Trentham Camp 26 July 2012

    Not a bad years work for a 19/20 year old Hastings lad.


    581769 Private Mudgway J W.